Saha Roy Sudipa, Vadlamudi Ratna K
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
Int J Breast Cancer. 2012;2012:654698. doi: 10.1155/2012/654698. Epub 2011 Dec 19.
Metastatic breast cancer is a life-threatening stage of cancer and is the leading cause of death in advanced breast cancer patients. Estrogen signaling and the estrogen receptor (ER) are implicated in breast cancer progression, and the majority of the human breast cancers start out as estrogen dependent. Accumulating evidence suggests that ER signaling is complex, involving coregulatory proteins and extranuclear actions. ER-coregualtory proteins are tightly regulated under normal conditions with miss expression primarily reported in cancer. Deregulation of ER coregualtors or ER extranuclear signaling has potential to promote metastasis in ER-positive breast cancer cells. This review summarizes the emerging role of ER signaling in promoting metastasis of breast cancer cells, discusses the molecular mechanisms by which ER signaling contributes to metastasis, and explores possible therapeutic targets to block ER-driven metastasis.
转移性乳腺癌是癌症的一个危及生命的阶段，也是晚期乳腺癌患者死亡的主要原因。雌激素信号传导和雌激素受体（ER）与乳腺癌进展有关，大多数人类乳腺癌最初是雌激素依赖性的。越来越多的证据表明，ER信号传导很复杂，涉及共调节蛋白和核外作用。ER共调节蛋白在正常条件下受到严格调控，错误表达主要在癌症中报道。ER共调节因子或ER核外信号传导的失调有可能促进ER阳性乳腺癌细胞的转移。本综述总结了ER信号传导在促进乳腺癌细胞转移中的新作用，讨论了ER信号传导促进转移的分子机制，并探索了阻断ER驱动转移的可能治疗靶点。
