Galea Mary P
The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2012 Jun;114(5):483-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.01.009. Epub 2012 Jan 31.
This chapter presents modalities of physical therapy used in optimizing sensorimotor recovery from nervous system injury.
A brief historical perspective, rationale, indications for application, and evidence of effectiveness of various physical treatment modalities is provided.
Many of the facilitatory and inhibitory techniques used in the past are no longer used, as they were based on an understanding of recovery after nervous system injury that is now outdated. There has been a paradigm shift in the management of people with neurological dysfunction. In particular there has been a reduction in focus on the positive features or the upper motor neuron syndrome, such as spasticity, and an increasing emphasis on active, task-related practice of functional tasks.
Physical therapy for people with neurological disorders has undergone a paradigm shift as a result of new knowledge about motor control, skill acquisition, and recovery of function after injury. Future research should address new applications of electrical stimulation and whole body vibration as well as the optimal dosage and timing of interventions.
本章介绍了用于优化神经系统损伤后感觉运动恢复的物理治疗方法。
提供了各种物理治疗方法的简要历史背景、原理、应用指征及有效性证据。
过去使用的许多促进和抑制技术已不再使用，因为它们基于对神经系统损伤后恢复的理解，而这种理解现在已过时。神经功能障碍患者的管理发生了范式转变。特别是，对诸如痉挛等上运动神经元综合征的积极特征的关注有所减少，而越来越强调功能性任务的主动、与任务相关的练习。
由于对运动控制、技能习得和损伤后功能恢复的新知识，神经系统疾病患者的物理治疗发生了范式转变。未来的研究应关注电刺激和全身振动的新应用以及干预的最佳剂量和时机。
