Division of Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
Kidney Int. 2012 May;81(9):826-32. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.498. Epub 2012 Feb 1.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of transmembrane proteins that have a major role in pathogen-induced inflammation and orchestrating an organism's defense against infection. Data are emerging that the TLRs play an important role as a first response to tissue injury linking the innate with the adaptive immune system. The recognition that TLRs are expressed on nonimmune cells including renal and liver cells, and that endogenous, cell-derived ligands (damage-associated molecular patterns) can signal through specific TLRs has expanded the understanding of how these receptors impact a variety of diseases. This review focuses on recent findings elucidating the ability of TLRs to affect transplant outcomes. Specifically, observations demonstrating the link between endogenous TLR ligands and IR injury, how this can affect alloimmunity and transplant tolerance, and therapeutic implications will be discussed.
toll 样受体（TLRs）是一类跨膜蛋白，在病原体诱导的炎症和协调机体抗感染防御中发挥主要作用。越来越多的证据表明，TLRs 在组织损伤中作为先天免疫与适应性免疫系统联系的第一道反应发挥重要作用。TLRs 在非免疫细胞（包括肾和肝细胞）上表达，以及内源性、细胞衍生的配体（损伤相关分子模式）可以通过特定的 TLR 信号转导，这一认识扩展了对这些受体如何影响多种疾病的理解。本综述重点介绍了最近阐明 TLR 影响移植结果的能力的发现。具体来说，将讨论内源性 TLR 配体与 IR 损伤之间的联系、这如何影响同种异体免疫和移植耐受，以及治疗意义。
