Patient evaluation and clinical assessment of adult spinal deformity.

The clinical evaluation of adults with spinal deformity can be challenging for both general orthopaedic surgeons and spinal specialists. To properly treat these patients, the physician must be aware of the various types of adult spinal deformity and the basic principles of spinal misalignment. A complete patient assessment must include a thorough history and physical examination. Appropriate imaging studies can be used to characterize the extent of the deformity and determine the need for surgical intervention or referral to a spine specialist. The ultimate goal of the evaluation of an adult with spinal deformity is to determine the impact of the deformity on the patient's quality of life, including the ability to work and perform activities of daily living. For patients considering surgical treatment, additional factors must be included in the assessment because of the high rate of complications associated with adult deformity procedures.