Xanthos Theodoros, Dalivigkas Ioannis, Ekmektzoglou Konstantinos A
Department of Anatomy, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
Ital J Anat Embryol. 2011;116(2):111-26.
This article reviews the right atrioventricular and pulmonary valves, along with their anatomic variations as well as the papillary muscles and chordae tendineae of the right ventricle of the human heart. A brief anatomical background is given for every structure, as well as a gross review of their embryological basis. Although the normal morphology of the right atrioventricular valve is tricuspid, this is not always the case; its anatomic variations involve, firstly, the number of cusps and accessory leaflets. Anatomic variations of the right atrioventricular valve may occur in association with other congenital anomalies and syndromes. Also the number, length and shape of the papillary muscles and chordae tendineae are variable. This can be of clinical significance since the papillary muscles play an important role in the contraction of the right ventricle and in the closure of the tricuspid valve so as to prevent ventricular blood from passing back into the right atrium. The pulmonary valve may present variations in the number of cusps, stenosis or atresia, either as isolated clinical findings or in association with congenital syndromes.
本文回顾了右房室瓣和肺动脉瓣，以及它们的解剖变异，还有人类心脏右心室的乳头肌和腱索。对每个结构都给出了简要的解剖学背景，以及对其胚胎学基础的大体回顾。虽然正常情况下右房室瓣形态为三尖瓣，但并非总是如此；其解剖变异首先涉及瓣叶数量和附属小叶。右房室瓣的解剖变异可能与其他先天性异常和综合征相关。此外，乳头肌和腱索的数量、长度和形状也存在差异。这可能具有临床意义，因为乳头肌在右心室收缩和三尖瓣关闭中起重要作用，以防止心室血液回流到右心房。肺动脉瓣可能在瓣叶数量、狭窄或闭锁方面存在变异，既可以是孤立的临床发现，也可以与先天性综合征相关。
