Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Antioxid Redox Signal. 2012 Jul 1;17(1):141-85. doi: 10.1089/ars.2011.4005. Epub 2012 Mar 19.
For more than a century, hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) has been regarded as a toxic gas. This review surveys the growing recognition of the role of H(2)S as an endogenous signaling molecule in mammals, with emphasis on its physiological and pathological pathways in the cardiovascular system. In biological fluids, H(2)S gas is a weak acid that exists as about 15% H(2)S, 85% HS(-), and a trace of S(2-). Here, we use "H(2)S" to refer to this mixture. H(2)S has been found to influence heart contractile functions and may serve as a cardioprotectant for treating ischemic heart diseases and heart failure. Alterations of the endogenous H(2)S level have been found in animal models with various pathological conditions such as myocardial ischemia, spontaneous hypertension, and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. In the vascular system, H(2)S exerts biphasic regulation of a vascular tone with varying effects based on its concentration and in the presence of nitric oxide. Over the past decade, several H(2)S-releasing compounds (NaHS, Na(2)S, GYY4137, etc.) have been utilized to test the effect of exogenous H(2)S under different physiological and pathological situations in vivo and in vitro. H(2)S has been found to promote angiogenesis and to protect against atherosclerosis and hypertension, while excess H(2)S may promote inflammation in septic or hemorrhagic shock. H(2)S-releasing compounds and inhibitors of H(2)S synthesis hold promise in alleviating specific disease conditions. This comprehensive review covers in detail the effects of H(2)S on the cardiovascular system, especially in disease situations, and also the various underlying mechanisms.
一个多世纪以来，硫化氢（H₂S）一直被认为是一种有毒气体。本综述调查了 H₂S 作为哺乳动物内源性信号分子的作用的不断认识，重点是其在心血管系统中的生理和病理途径。在生物流体中，H₂S 气体是一种弱酸，以约 15%的 H₂S、85%的 HS⁻和微量的 S²⁻形式存在。在这里，我们使用“H₂S”来指代这种混合物。已经发现 H₂S 会影响心脏收缩功能，并可能作为治疗缺血性心脏病和心力衰竭的心脏保护剂。在各种病理条件下的动物模型中，如心肌缺血、自发性高血压和低氧性肺动脉高压，都发现了内源性 H₂S 水平的改变。在血管系统中，H₂S 对血管张力具有双相调节作用，其作用因浓度和存在的一氧化氮而不同。在过去的十年中，已经使用几种 H₂S 释放化合物（NaHS、Na₂S、GYY4137 等）来测试外源性 H₂S 在体内和体外不同生理和病理情况下的作用。已经发现 H₂S 促进血管生成，并预防动脉粥样硬化和高血压，而过量的 H₂S 可能会在感染性或失血性休克中促进炎症。H₂S 释放化合物和 H₂S 合成抑制剂有望缓解特定疾病状况。本综述详细涵盖了 H₂S 对心血管系统的影响，特别是在疾病情况下，以及各种潜在的机制。
