Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bio-Informatics, Université Laval, Axis of Cellular and Molecular Neurosciences, 2601 Ch. De La Canardière, CRIUSMQ, Québec city, QC, PQ, G1J 2G3, Canada.
Eur J Neurosci. 2012 Feb;35(4):496-506. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07988.x. Epub 2012 Feb 6.
Calcium (Ca(2+) ) is a major second messenger in the regulation of different forms of synaptic and intrinsic plasticity. Tightly organized in space and time, postsynaptic Ca(2+) transients trigger the activation of many distinct Ca(2+) signaling cascades, providing a means for a highly specific signal transduction and plasticity induction. High-resolution two-photon microscopy combined with highly sensitive synthetic Ca(2+) indicators in brain slices allowed for the quantification and analysis of postsynaptic Ca(2+) dynamics in great detail. Much of our current knowledge about postsynaptic Ca(2+) mechanisms is derived from studying Ca(2+) transients in the dendrites and spines of pyramidal neurons. However, postsynaptic Ca(2+) dynamics differ considerably among different cell types. In particular, distinct rules of postsynaptic Ca(2+) signaling and, accordingly, of Ca(2+) -dependent plasticity operate in GABAergic interneurons. Here, I review recent progress in understanding the complex organization of postsynaptic Ca(2+) signaling and its relevance to several forms of long-term potentiation at excitatory synapses in cortical GABAergic interneurons.
钙（Ca(2+) ）是调节不同形式的突触和内在可塑性的主要第二信使。在空间和时间上紧密组织，突触后 Ca(2+) 瞬变触发许多不同的 Ca(2+) 信号级联的激活，为高度特异性的信号转导和可塑性诱导提供了一种手段。高分辨率双光子显微镜结合脑片上高灵敏度的合成 Ca(2+) 指示剂，允许详细地定量和分析突触后 Ca(2+) 动力学。我们目前关于突触后 Ca(2+) 机制的大部分知识是通过研究在锥体神经元的树突和棘突中的 Ca(2+) 瞬变获得的。然而，不同细胞类型之间的突触后 Ca(2+) 动力学有很大的不同。特别是，在 GABA 能中间神经元中，突触后 Ca(2+) 信号的规则和相应的 Ca(2+) 依赖性可塑性存在明显差异。在这里，我综述了理解突触后 Ca(2+) 信号的复杂组织及其与皮质 GABA 能中间神经元中兴奋性突触的几种形式的长时程增强的相关性的最新进展。
