Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2012 May;101(3):342-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.01.020. Epub 2012 Jan 31.
Tobacco exposure is not only a health concern for adults but has also been shown to exert deleterious effects on the health of the fetus, newborn, child, and adolescent. Decreased cognitive function, lower Intellectual Quotient (IQ) and deficits in learning and memory in children have been associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy. In this study, we have studied the effect of a tobacco plant extract on the growth and development in the rat. The extract contained relative proportions of alkaloids, including nicotine, purified by chemical separation. Pregnant rats received oral doses of either control (NaCl) or tobacco extract during the entire gestational period. Offspring length and body weight were measured. Each day, the offspring were observed for the following physical parameters: hair growth, incisor eruption and eye opening. The day of appearance of these developments was recorded. Before weaning, the offspring were examined to test their cliff avoidance response (6 postnatal day (PN)), surface righting reflex (05, 07, 13 postnatal day), swimming development (10, 12 postnatal day), negative geotaxis response (7,9,13 and 17 postnatal day) and jumping down choice cage (15, 17 postnatal day). Administration of tobacco extract to dams during the entire gestation period affects behavior and development in pups. The observed effects were a delay in opening eyes, incisor eruption and hair appearance, behavioral developments and an alteration in the rate of success behavior. However, in the jumping down choice cage test there was no difference compared to control animals. The results suggest that tobacco extract has a significant effect on the development of behavioral patterns, orientation and motor coordination and function. They also suggest significant growth retardation and teratogenic effects.
烟草暴露不仅对成年人的健康构成威胁，而且已被证明对胎儿、新生儿、儿童和青少年的健康产生有害影响。研究表明，母亲在怀孕期间吸烟会导致儿童认知功能下降、智商降低以及学习和记忆能力受损。在这项研究中，我们研究了烟草植物提取物对大鼠生长发育的影响。提取物含有相对比例的生物碱，包括通过化学分离纯化的尼古丁。妊娠大鼠在整个妊娠期接受对照（NaCl）或烟草提取物的口服剂量。测量后代的长度和体重。每天观察后代的以下身体参数：毛发生长、门牙萌出和睁眼。记录这些发育出现的日期。在断奶前，对后代进行检查以测试其悬崖回避反应（6 日龄（PN））、表面翻正反射（05、07、13 日龄）、游泳发育（10、12 日龄）、负趋地性反应（7、9、13 和 17 日龄）和跳下选择笼（15、17 日龄）。在整个妊娠期向母体给予烟草提取物会影响幼仔的行为和发育。观察到的影响是眼睛睁开、门牙萌出和毛发出现、行为发育以及成功行为率的改变延迟。然而，在跳下选择笼测试中与对照动物相比没有差异。结果表明，烟草提取物对行为模式、定向和运动协调与功能的发育有显著影响。它们还表明存在明显的生长迟缓和致畸作用。
