Chen Ke, Cheng Han-Hua, Zhou Rong-Jia
Life Science College, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Yi Chuan. 2012 Jan;34(1):5-18. doi: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2012.00005.
All proteins in eukaryotic cells are continually being degraded and replaced. Autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system are two mechanisms for intracellular protein degradation. Autophagy is mediated by lysosome, and is further divided into chaperone-mediated autophagy, microautophagy and macroautophagy. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is highly complex and mediated by ubiquitin, which participates in intracellular protein degradation in a specific manner. It is now known that degradation of intracellular proteins is involved in regulation of a series of cellular processes, including cell-cycle division, DNA repair, cell growth and differentiation, quality control, pathogen infection, and apoptosis. The aberrations in the protein degradation systems are involved in many serious human diseases. The present review summarizes the mechanisms of protein degradation and related human diseases.
真核细胞中的所有蛋白质都在不断地被降解和替换。自噬和泛素-蛋白酶体系统是细胞内蛋白质降解的两种机制。自噬由溶酶体介导，进一步分为伴侣介导的自噬、微自噬和巨自噬。泛素-蛋白酶体系统高度复杂，由泛素介导，以特定方式参与细胞内蛋白质降解。目前已知细胞内蛋白质的降解参与一系列细胞过程的调控，包括细胞周期分裂、DNA修复、细胞生长和分化、质量控制、病原体感染及细胞凋亡。蛋白质降解系统的异常与许多严重的人类疾病有关。本综述总结了蛋白质降解的机制及相关人类疾病。
