Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Greifswald, Rotgerberstr. 8, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2012 Apr;60(2):137-43. doi: 10.1007/s00005-012-0167-0. Epub 2012 Feb 4.
The activity of cytoskeletal proteins like talin, vinculin and nestin increases in muscle that regenerates. Little is known about their role or at least their expression in the process of regeneration in masticatory muscles of mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. To determine a potential role of cytoskeletal proteins in the regeneration process of mdx masticatory muscles, we examined the expression of talin 1, talin 2, vinculin and nestin in 100-day-old control and mdx mice using quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot analyses and histochemistry. The protein expression of talin 1, talin 2, nestin and vinculin in mdx muscles remained unchanged as compared with normal mice. However, in mdx masseter it was found a relative increase of nestin compared to controls. The protein expression of talin 1 and vinculin tended to be increased in mdx tongue and talin 2 to diminish in mdx masseter and temporal muscle. In mdx mice, we found significantly lower percentage of transcripts coding for nestin, talin 1, talin 2 and vinculin in masseter (p < 0.05) and temporal muscle (p < 0.001). In contrast, the mRNA expression of nestin was found to be increased in mdx tongue. Activated satellite cells, myoblasts and immature regenerated muscle fibres in mdx masseter and temporal revealed positive staining for nestin. The findings of the presented work suggest dystrophin-lack-associated changes in the expression of cytoskeletal proteins in mdx masticatory muscles could be compensatory for dystrophin absence. The expression of nestin may serve as an indicator for the regeneration in the orofacial muscles.
细胞骨架蛋白如桩蛋白、 vinculin 和巢蛋白的活性在再生的肌肉中增加。在 Duchenne 肌营养不良症的模型 mdx 小鼠的咀嚼肌的再生过程中，它们的作用或至少它们的表达知之甚少。为了确定细胞骨架蛋白在 mdx 咀嚼肌再生过程中的潜在作用，我们使用定量 RT-PCR、Western blot 分析和组织化学方法检测了 100 天大的对照和 mdx 小鼠中桩蛋白 1、桩蛋白 2、 vinculin 和巢蛋白的表达。与正常小鼠相比，mdx 肌肉中的 talin 1、talin 2、nestin 和 vinculin 蛋白表达保持不变。然而，在 mdx 咬肌中发现巢蛋白的相对表达增加。mdx 舌中的 talin 1 和 vinculin 蛋白表达趋于增加，而 mdx 咬肌和颞肌中的 talin 2 蛋白表达减少。在 mdx 小鼠中，我们发现咬肌和颞肌中编码巢蛋白、talin 1、talin 2 和 vinculin 的转录本的百分比显著降低（p < 0.05）。相比之下，mdx 舌中的 nestin mRNA 表达增加。在 mdx 咬肌和颞肌中，激活的卫星细胞、成肌细胞和未成熟的再生肌纤维对巢蛋白呈阳性染色。本研究工作的结果表明，mdx 咀嚼肌中细胞骨架蛋白表达的肌营养不良蛋白缺乏相关变化可能是对肌营养不良蛋白缺乏的代偿。巢蛋白的表达可能作为口面肌再生的指标。
