McSweeney Patrick M, Martin David D, Ramsey Deborah S, McKusick Brett C
Animal Medical and Surgical Hospital, 3001 N Causeway Blvd, Metairie, LA 70002, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2012 Feb 15;240(4):404-12. doi: 10.2460/javma.240.4.404.
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of dexmedetomidine as a preanesthetic medication administered prior to anesthetic induction with ketamine or propofol and with or without isoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia.
Randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial.
184 client-owned cats.
Cats requiring general anesthesia for short or long procedures were assigned to receive 1 of 4 preanesthetic and induction drug combinations (dexmedetomidine and ketamine, placebo [saline {0.9% NaCl} solution] and ketamine, dexmedetomidine and propofol, or placebo and propofol). Cats undergoing long procedures received isoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia.
Administration of dexmedetomidine prior to anesthetic induction with ketamine significantly increased the intubation success rate (57/64 [89%]), compared with the success rate for the placebo (4/37 [11 %]); significantly reduced the median induction dose of propofol (≤ 5.1 mg/kg [2.32 mg/lb]), compared with that for the placebo (≤ 10.5 mg/kg [4.77 mg/lb]); and significantly reduced the isoflurane concentration (1.5%) required for anesthesia maintenance, compared with that for the placebo (3.0%). Postoperatively, fewer cats receiving dexmedetomidine required rescue analgesia, and cats had lower pain scores for at least 2 hours after surgery, compared with results for cats receiving the placebo. Heart rate was lower during the procedure and respiratory rate and rectal temperature were lower during and after the procedure for cats receiving dexmedetomidine. More cats that received dexmedetomidine had emesis and pale mucous membranes, compared with the number of cats with those signs that received placebo.
Dexmedetomidine as a preanesthetic was efficacious for clinical use in cats requiring general anesthesia.
评估右美托咪定作为麻醉前用药在氯胺酮或丙泊酚麻醉诱导前使用，以及在有或没有异氟烷维持麻醉情况下的临床疗效。
随机、双盲、对照临床试验。
184只客户拥有的猫。
需要进行短期或长期全身麻醉的猫被分配接受4种麻醉前和诱导药物组合中的一种（右美托咪定和氯胺酮、安慰剂[生理盐水{0.9%氯化钠}溶液]和氯胺酮、右美托咪定和丙泊酚、或安慰剂和丙泊酚）。接受长期手术的猫使用异氟烷维持麻醉。
与安慰剂组（4/37[11%]）相比，在氯胺酮麻醉诱导前使用右美托咪定显著提高了插管成功率（57/64[89%]）；与安慰剂组（≤10.5mg/kg[4.77mg/lb]）相比，显著降低了丙泊酚的中位诱导剂量（≤5.1mg/kg[2.32mg/lb]）；与安慰剂组（3.0%）相比，显著降低了维持麻醉所需的异氟烷浓度（1.5%）。术后，与接受安慰剂的猫相比，接受右美托咪定的猫需要急救镇痛的较少，且在术后至少2小时疼痛评分较低。接受右美托咪定的猫在手术过程中心率较低，在手术期间和术后呼吸频率和直肠温度较低。与接受安慰剂且出现这些体征的猫的数量相比，接受右美托咪定的猫出现呕吐和黏膜苍白的更多。
右美托咪定作为麻醉前用药对需要全身麻醉的猫临床使用有效。
