Bolger N
Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Colorado 80208.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990 Sep;59(3):525-37. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.59.3.525.
The study tested the proposition that coping is personality in action under stress. Using a stressful medical school entrance examination, the study examined (a) whether neuroticism emerged in coping patterns over time and (b) whether the influence of neuroticism on coping accounted for changes in anxiety and examination performance. Fifty premedical students reported their coping efforts at 35 days before, 10 days before, and 17 days after the examination. They provided daily reports of anxiety for 35 days surrounding the examination. Neuroticism influenced coping efforts and increases in daily anxiety under stress. Two types of coping, wishful thinking and self-blame, explained over half the relationship between neuroticism and increases in preexamination anxiety. Consistent with previous research, neither neuroticism nor specific coping efforts influenced examination performance.
该研究检验了应对是压力下付诸行动的人格这一命题。通过一场压力颇大的医学院入学考试，该研究考察了：（a）神经质是否会随着时间推移在应对模式中显现出来；（b）神经质对应对的影响是否能解释焦虑和考试成绩的变化。50名医学预科学生报告了他们在考试前35天、前10天和考试后17天的应对努力情况。他们提供了考试前后35天里每天的焦虑报告。神经质会影响应对努力以及压力下每日焦虑的增加。两种应对方式，即痴心妄想和自责，解释了神经质与考前焦虑增加之间超过一半的关系。与先前的研究一致，神经质和特定的应对努力均未影响考试成绩。
