University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, CT, USA.
J Public Health Dent. 2012 Winter;72(1):75-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2011.00286.x. Epub 2011 Oct 10.
The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a prenatal nutrition intervention to reduce sugar intake and mutans streptococci (mutans) among low-income women.
Pregnant women were recruited from the obstetrics service at a community health center in Connecticut. Inclusion criteria were ≥18 years of age; mutans levels >10, 000 colony forming units/ml as determined by Dentocult SM® kits (Orion Diagnostica Oy, Espoo, Finland); and >3 months pregnant. Women were randomized to receive education alone [education intervention (EI)] or education and a 1-hour nutrition group session at 9 months and 6 weeks postpartum [education and nutrition intervention (EIN)]. Mutans and questionnaire data were collected at baseline, 9 months, 6 weeks, and 3 months postpartum. One hundred twenty completed the baseline visit and 93 (77%) completed all four visits. Sugar intake was assessed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire and clinical information was abstracted from medical charts.
Mean age was 26.3 years [standard deviation (SD)= 6], 73% were Hispanic, 29% had lived in the United States < 6 years; 48% completed high school; 27% were married; mean total sugar intake at baseline was 149g (SD = 85). Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that mutans levels declined significantly in both groups, but that the EI group had significantly lower mutans levels at the final assessment compared with EIN. Sugar intake also declined significantly, but there were no significant differences between groups.
The study demonstrated the following: a) the feasibility of conducting the intervention at community health center sites among low-income pregnant women; b) the effectiveness of education to reduce mutans/sugar intake; and c) the need to improve the nutrition intervention to obtain additional gains in mutans reduction.
本研究旨在评估一项产前营养干预措施对降低低收入妇女糖摄入量和变形链球菌（mutans）的有效性。
研究对象为康涅狄格州社区卫生中心产科服务部招募的孕妇。纳入标准为：年龄≥18 岁；Dentocult SM®试剂盒（芬兰 Orion Diagnostica Oy）检测的变形链球菌水平>10,000 菌落形成单位/ml；怀孕>3 个月。将孕妇随机分为仅接受教育组（教育干预组，EI）或在 9 个月和 6 周产后接受教育和 1 小时营养小组课程组（教育和营养干预组，EIN）。在基线、9 个月、6 周和产后 3 个月收集变形链球菌和问卷数据。共有 120 人完成了基线访视，93 人（77%）完成了所有 4 次访视。糖摄入量通过食物频率问卷评估，临床信息从病历中提取。
平均年龄为 26.3 岁（标准差=6），73%为西班牙裔，29%在美国居住<6 年；48%完成了高中学业；27%已婚；基线时的总糖摄入量为 149g（标准差=85）。重复测量方差分析显示，两组的变形链球菌水平均显著下降，但 EI 组在最终评估时的变形链球菌水平明显低于 EIN 组。糖摄入量也显著下降，但两组间无显著差异。
本研究表明：a）在社区卫生中心场所为低收入孕妇开展干预的可行性；b）教育对降低变形链球菌/糖摄入量的有效性；c）需要改进营养干预措施，以进一步降低变形链球菌。
