Pharmacy Department, Weiler Hospital of Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, 1825 Eastchester Road, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
Cardiol Rev. 2012 May-Jun;20(3):153-8. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0b013e31824e2294.
Vasopressors are a heterogeneous potent class of medications designed to increase blood pressure in emergent hypotensive situations. The goal of therapy is to increase blood pressure and maintain adequate perfusion, allowing nutrient and oxygen delivery to vital organs. Norepinephrine, phenylephrine, dopamine, epinephrine, and vasopressin are five vasopressors available in the United States. All vasopressors, with the exception of vasopressin, are titratable and dosed on a continuum according to clinical effect. With their different clinical features, adverse effects, and range of potency, the clinical situation usually guides therapy. Outcome data comparing different vasopressors have not demonstrated a clear mortality benefit of any one vasopressor over another, and physician preference also guides therapy. Norepinephrine, nonetheless, remains one of the preferred choices for a variety of hypotensive states, including cardiogenic and septic shock.
血管加压药是一类强效药物，旨在治疗低血压急症，增加血压。治疗的目标是增加血压并维持足够的灌注，以向重要器官输送营养和氧气。去甲肾上腺素、苯肾上腺素、多巴胺、肾上腺素和血管加压素是美国可用的五种血管加压药。除血管加压素外，所有血管加压药均可滴定，并根据临床效果连续滴定和给药。由于具有不同的临床特征、不良反应和效力范围，临床情况通常指导治疗。比较不同血管加压药的结果数据并未表明任何一种血管加压药在死亡率方面优于其他药物，医生的偏好也指导治疗。尽管如此，去甲肾上腺素仍然是多种低血压状态的首选药物之一，包括心源性休克和感染性休克。
