Viamonte M
Radiol Clin North Am. 1979 Apr;17(1):119-25.
Numerous noninvasive and invasive imaging modalities are available for the study of pancreatic disease. Disappointingly, the radiographic demonstration of a pancreatic neoplasm is more successful than the treatment of the disease. The proximity of large vascular structures to the pancreas makes its study technically difficult and explains why vascular invasion is readily caused by dispersion of pancreatic secretions (as seen in pancreatitis) or by neoplastic infiltration. The latter heralds nonresectability. Needle biopsy under fluoroscopic or echographic control appears to be gaining popularity as a simple, sensitive and specific method for establishing the diagnosis of pancreatic malignancy. Angiography has its highest yield in the diagnosis of islet cell tumors because they are generally hypervascular. This technique has been complemented by selective catheterization of pancreatic veins followed by hormone bioassay determinations.
有许多非侵入性和侵入性成像方式可用于胰腺疾病的研究。令人失望的是，胰腺肿瘤的影像学显示比该疾病的治疗更为成功。大血管结构与胰腺相邻，这使得对胰腺的研究在技术上具有难度，并解释了为何胰腺分泌物的扩散（如胰腺炎中所见）或肿瘤浸润容易导致血管侵犯。后者预示着不可切除性。在荧光镜或超声引导下进行针吸活检，作为一种简单、灵敏且特异的诊断胰腺恶性肿瘤的方法，似乎越来越受欢迎。血管造影在胰岛细胞瘤的诊断中阳性率最高，因为它们通常血运丰富。该技术已通过胰腺静脉选择性插管并随后进行激素生物测定得到补充。
