Department of Sociology, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, 134 Davison Hall, Douglass Campus, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2012 Jun;74(11):1791-801. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.010. Epub 2012 Jan 5.
Structural theories of stratification predict that groups with low positions in social hierarchies experience high rates of mental health problems. Extensions of this approach such as a triple jeopardy hypotheses claim that groups that are subordinate in multiple stratification systems such as gender, race and class are at especially high risk. Multiple minority statuses affect mental health in paradoxical ways, however, that refute triple jeopardy approaches. This paper presents a theoretical perspective based in cultural as well as structural theories that offers an alternative to triple jeopardy. I predict that certain relational schemas are jointly shaped by gender, race, and class and help explain their anomalous effects on mental health. These schemas of self-salience refer to beliefs about the relative importance of the self and others in social relations; they affect mental health by forming subjective alternative hierarchies to larger societal stratification systems. I use secondary analyses of two U.S. data sets to investigate this perspective. Results of regression analysis show that self-salience helps explain the paradoxical patterns of mental health by gender, race, and social class. The findings underscore the importance of using an intersectional approach and integrating cultural and structural factors to understand how stratification shapes mental health.
社会分层的结构理论预测，社会等级中地位较低的群体心理健康问题的发生率较高。这种方法的扩展，如三重困境假说，声称在性别、种族和阶级等多种分层系统中处于从属地位的群体尤其面临高风险。然而，多种少数群体地位以矛盾的方式影响心理健康，这反驳了三重困境的方法。本文提出了一种基于文化和结构理论的理论视角，为三重困境提供了替代方案。我预测，某些关系图式是由性别、种族和阶级共同塑造的，有助于解释它们对心理健康的异常影响。这些自我突显的关系模式是指关于自我和他人在社会关系中相对重要性的信念；它们通过形成主观的替代等级来影响心理健康，这些替代等级与更大的社会分层系统相对立。我使用两个美国数据集的二次分析来研究这一观点。回归分析的结果表明，自我突显有助于解释性别、种族和社会阶层心理健康的矛盾模式。这些发现强调了使用交叉方法和整合文化和结构因素来理解分层如何塑造心理健康的重要性。
