Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita' G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Exp Cell Res. 2012 Jul 1;318(11):1285-90. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.01.023. Epub 2012 Feb 3.
The p53 family apparently derives from a common ancient ancestor that dates back over a billion years, whose function was protecting the germ line from DNA damage. p63 and p73 would maintain this function through evolution while acquiring novel roles in controlling proliferation and differentiation of various tissues. p53 on the other hand would appear in early vertebrates to protect somatic cells from DNA damage with similar mechanism used by its siblings to protect germ line cells. For the predominant role played by p53 mutations in cancer this was the first family member to be identified and soon became one of the most studied genes. Its siblings were identified almost 20 years later and interestingly enough their ancestral function as guardians of the germ-line was one of the last to be identified. In this review we shortly summarize the current knowledge on the structure and function of p63 and p73.
p53 家族显然源自一个古老的祖先，其历史可以追溯到十亿多年前，其功能是保护生殖细胞免受 DNA 损伤。p63 和 p73 在进化过程中会保持这种功能，同时在控制各种组织的增殖和分化方面获得新的作用。另一方面，p53 似乎出现在早期的脊椎动物中，以与兄弟姐妹保护生殖细胞的相同机制来保护体细胞免受 DNA 损伤。由于 p53 突变在癌症中起着主要作用，它是第一个被鉴定的家族成员，并很快成为研究最多的基因之一。其兄弟姐妹在近 20 年后才被鉴定出来，有趣的是，它们作为生殖系守护者的古老功能是最后一个被鉴定出来的。在这篇综述中，我们简要总结了 p63 和 p73 的结构和功能的最新知识。
