Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
J Biotechnol. 2012 Jun 15;159(3):145-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.01.032. Epub 2012 Feb 6.
Lantibiotics are small peptides produced by Gram-positive bacteria, which are ribosomally synthesized as a prepeptide. Their genes are highly organized in operons containing all the genes required for maturation, transport, immunity and synthesis. The best-characterized lantibiotic is nisin from Lactococcus lactis. Nisin is active against other Gram-positive bacteria via various modes of actions. To prevent activity against its producer strain, an autoimmunity system has developed consisting of different proteins, the ABC transporter NisFEG and a membrane anchored protein NisI. Together, they circumvent the ability of nisin to fulfill its action and cause cell death of L. lactis. Within this review, the mechanism of regulation, biosynthesis and activity of the immunity machinery will be discussed. Furthermore a short description about the application of these immunity proteins in both medical and industrial fields is highlighted.
类细菌素是革兰氏阳性菌产生的小肽，它们作为前肽物在核糖体上合成。它们的基因在操纵子中高度组织，包含成熟、运输、免疫和合成所需的所有基因。研究最充分的类细菌素是来自乳球菌的乳链菌肽。乳链菌肽通过多种作用模式对其他革兰氏阳性菌具有活性。为了防止对其产生菌的活性，已经开发出一种由不同蛋白质组成的自身免疫系统，包括 ABC 转运蛋白 NisFEG 和膜锚定蛋白 NisI。它们共同阻止乳链菌肽发挥作用并导致乳球菌死亡。在本综述中，将讨论免疫机制的调控、生物合成和活性。此外，还简要介绍了这些免疫蛋白在医学和工业领域的应用。
