Rassette Matthew S W, Pierpont Elizabeth I, Wahl Tina, Berres Mark
Research Animal Resources Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2011 Nov;50(6):910-5.
Treatment of Northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) infestation on poultry in research facilities can be challenging. The mite has a rapid reproductive cycle (egg to adult in 5 to 7 d), and chemical treatments can be toxic to birds, personnel, and the environment. In addition, antimite treatment may interfere with experimental research designs. The current study evaluated the efficacy of topical application of an entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, in the treatment of a naturally occurring infestation of Northern fowl mites in pen-housed roosters (n = 14; age, 18 mo). Two groups of 7 roosters each were used in 2 experiments: Beauveria (30 mL, 2.9 × 10(10) spores per bird) compared with water (30 mL, control), and Beauveria compared with the common topical organophosphate agent tetrachlorvinphos-dichlorvos (30 mL). We also assessed a higher dose of Beauveria (300 mL, 2.9 × 10(11) spores per bird) in the 7 birds that were not exposed to tetrachlorvinphos-dichlorvos. Beauveria reduced mite levels relative to the control group but did not outperform tetrachlorvinphos-dichlorvos when used at an equal volume and frequency. Increasing the volume and frequency of Beauveria application improved outcomes such that visual inspection failed to detect any mites. The results presented here suggest that, when applied in sufficient doses, Beauveria effectively reduces mites on poultry and can be an important part of an integrated pest management program. Additional research is needed to document the most effective dose, frequency, and location of B. bassiana application to control Northern fowl mites in poultry.
在研究设施中治疗家禽身上的北方鸡螨（Ornithonyssus sylviarum）感染可能具有挑战性。这种螨虫具有快速的繁殖周期（从卵到成虫只需5至7天），并且化学处理可能对鸟类、人员和环境有毒。此外，杀螨处理可能会干扰实验研究设计。本研究评估了局部应用昆虫病原真菌白僵菌（Beauveria bassiana）治疗圈养公鸡（n = 14；年龄，18个月）自然感染北方鸡螨的效果。在两个实验中使用了两组，每组7只公鸡：白僵菌组（30毫升，每只鸡2.9×10¹⁰个孢子）与水组（30毫升，对照组）比较，以及白僵菌组与常见的局部有机磷酸酯类药剂毒死蜱-敌敌畏（30毫升）比较。我们还在未接触毒死蜱-敌敌畏的7只鸡中评估了更高剂量的白僵菌（300毫升，每只鸡2.9×10¹¹个孢子）。相对于对照组，白僵菌降低了螨虫数量，但在相同体积和频率使用时，其效果不如毒死蜱-敌敌畏。增加白僵菌的应用体积和频率可改善结果，以至于肉眼检查未发现任何螨虫。此处呈现的结果表明，当以足够剂量应用时，白僵菌可有效减少家禽身上的螨虫，并且可以成为综合虫害管理计划的重要组成部分。需要进一步研究以记录白僵菌控制家禽北方鸡螨的最有效剂量、频率和应用部位。
