Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) - Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK. tony.goodchild@ahvla. gsi.gov.uk
Vet Rec. 2012 Mar 10;170(10):259. doi: 10.1136/vr.100193. Epub 2012 Feb 13.
In a survey, 457 badgers that had been found dead in Wales were postmortem-examined, and samples were examined by histology and by extended culture (for up to 12 weeks). Mycobacterium bovis was cultured from 55 badgers (12.0 per cent), and the histology typical of M bovis infection was seen in a further six (1.3 per cent). The prevalence in badgers in each of 10 geographical areas varied between 0 and 26 per cent (P<0.001), and was associated with the incidence of confirmed M bovis infection in cattle herds in the same areas (P<0.01). In northern Wales, bTB was rare in both hosts. An infected badger was 12.3 times more likely to be within 5 km of a confirmed cattle bTB breakdown than an uninfected badger. The M bovis isolates from badgers belonged to one of four genotypes defined by spoligotype and variable number tandem repeat type. These genotypes were also found in 290 concurrent confirmed herd breakdowns, and tended to be similar to the genotypes in badgers in the same geographical areas. When badgers and cattle no more than 30 km apart were compared, the genotype diversity was greater in cattle than in badgers (P=0.016), suggesting that the movement of cattle plays a greater part in the spatial distribution of M bovis than the movement of badgers.
在一项调查中，对在威尔士发现的 457 只死亡獾进行了尸检检查，并通过组织学检查和扩展培养（最长可达 12 周）对样本进行了检查。从 55 只獾（12.0%）中培养出了牛分枝杆菌，另外 6 只（1.3%）的组织学表现出典型的牛分枝杆菌感染。在 10 个地理区域中，每个区域的獾患病率在 0%至 26%之间（P<0.001），且与同一地区牛群中确诊的牛分枝杆菌感染的发生率相关（P<0.01）。在北威尔士，两种宿主中的 bTB 都很少见。感染的獾比未感染的獾更有可能在距离确诊牛 bTB 爆发的 5 公里范围内。从獾中分离出的牛分枝杆菌菌株属于通过 spoligotype 和可变数量串联重复类型定义的四个基因型之一。这些基因型也存在于 290 次同时确诊的畜群爆发中，并且倾向于与同一地理区域内獾中的基因型相似。当相隔不超过 30 公里的獾和牛进行比较时，牛中的基因型多样性大于獾（P=0.016），这表明牛的移动在牛分枝杆菌的空间分布中比獾的移动更为重要。
