Risk factors for birth asphyxia and brain damage in pregnancy and labour.

In this review the patho-physiology and risk factors of birth asphyxia are discussed. Simple and appropriate, but scientifically sound, technology for the prevention of birth asphyxia is described. This can be used at home, in the community, in health sub-centres and health centres to identify and assess risk factors so that appropriate referral can be made. Based on experience in developing countries, actions which can be performed by the mother, relatives, neighbours, traditional birth attendants and nurses and midwives are described.