Musshoff Frank, Madea Burkhard
Institute of Forensic Medicine, Bonn, Germany.
J Forensic Sci. 2012 Mar;57(2):413-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02055.x. Epub 2012 Feb 15.
Scientific opinions differ whether the use of stimulants causes deterioration in driving skills. In 1857 of 8709 cases of driving under the influence of drugs, amphetamine-like drugs (amphetamine, methamphetamine, and methylendioxyamphetamine) were present either alone or together with other licit or illicit drugs. In 338 cases, amphetamines were the only psychoactive substance group in plasma at mean, median, and highest concentrations of 0.18, 0.12, and 1.05 mg/L, respectively. A widespread opinion is that after the consumption of amphetamines, centrally stimulating effects with corresponding consequences on safe driving are expected. In contrast, many cases were observed that rather suggested an influence of centrally sedating substances when considering the psycho-physical conditions. Relations between concentration and effect could not be established. The apparent sedation is probably the consequence of sleep deprivation during an amphetamine binge and the after-effects of the drug.
关于使用兴奋剂是否会导致驾驶技能下降，科学观点存在分歧。在8709例药物影响下驾驶的案例中，有1857例存在苯丙胺类药物（苯丙胺、甲基苯丙胺和亚甲二氧基苯丙胺），这些药物单独存在或与其他合法或非法药物同时存在。在338例案例中，苯丙胺是血浆中唯一的精神活性物质组，其平均浓度、中位数浓度和最高浓度分别为0.18mg/L、0.12mg/L和1.05mg/L。一种普遍的观点是，服用苯丙胺后，预期会产生中枢刺激作用，并对安全驾驶产生相应影响。相比之下，考虑到心理生理状况，观察到许多案例反而表明是中枢镇静物质的影响。浓度与效果之间的关系无法确定。明显的镇静作用可能是苯丙胺狂欢期间睡眠剥夺以及药物后遗症的结果。
