Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2012 May;330(2):81-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02528.x. Epub 2012 Mar 12.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are present in virtually all organisms and are an ancient and critical component of innate immunity. In mammals, AMPs are present in phagocytic cells, on body surfaces such as skin and mucosa, and in secretions and body fluids such as sweat, saliva, urine, and breast milk, consistent with their role as part of the first line of defense against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. AMPs are microbicidal and have also been shown to act as immunomodulators with chemoattractant and signaling activities. During the co-evolution of hosts and bacterial pathogens, bacteria have developed the ability to sense and initiate an adaptive response to AMPs to resist their bactericidal activity. Here, we review the various mechanisms used by Gram-negative bacteria to sense and resist AMP-mediated killing. These mechanisms play an important role in bacterial resistance to host-derived AMPs that are encountered during the course of infection. Bacterial resistance to AMPs should also be taken into consideration in the development and use of AMPs as anti-infective agents, for which there is currently a great deal of academic and commercial interest.
抗菌肽 (AMPs) 几乎存在于所有生物体中，是先天免疫的一个古老而关键的组成部分。在哺乳动物中，AMPs 存在于吞噬细胞中，存在于皮肤和黏膜等体表，以及汗液、唾液、尿液和母乳等分泌物和体液中，这与其作为抵御包括细菌、病毒和真菌在内的多种致病微生物的第一道防线的作用一致。AMPs 具有杀菌作用，并且还被证明具有趋化和信号作用的免疫调节剂。在宿主和细菌病原体的共同进化过程中，细菌已经发展出感知和启动适应性反应以抵抗 AMP 杀菌活性的能力。在这里，我们综述了革兰氏阴性菌用于感知和抵抗 AMP 介导的杀伤的各种机制。这些机制在细菌对宿主来源的 AMP 的抵抗中起着重要作用，这些 AMP 在感染过程中会被遇到。在开发和使用 AMP 作为抗感染药物时，也应该考虑细菌对 AMP 的耐药性，目前学术界和商业界对此非常感兴趣。
