Laboratory of Insect Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, MIGAL - Galilee Research Centre, 1101202, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai Academic College, 1220800, Upper Galilee, Israel.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 28;14(1):29561. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80133-7.
The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is important for antimicrobial peptide (AMP) research due to its exposure to diverse microorganisms. However, the impact of different fungi on AMP abundance in H. illucens remains unexplored. We studied the induction of AMP expression under basal conditions and with three fungi: non-pathogenic Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and pathogenic Beauveria bassiana, using RNA-sequencing and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Under naive conditions, most AMPs belonged to the lysozyme, cecropin, and defensin classes, with defensins most abundant. We demonstrate that dietary supplementation with fungi is sufficient to induce AMP expression in H. illucens. However, exposure to C. tropicalis and B. bassiana also caused downregulation of certain AMPs, suggesting that these fungi may suppress or modulate the host immune response to aid in their survival and colonization. Evidently, S. cerevisiae and B. bassiana trigger similar AMP pathways, whereas C. tropicalis elicits a distinct reaction with upregulation of defensins and cecropins. Lysozymes were upregulated by S. cerevisiae and B. bassiana, but downregulated by C. tropicalis, potentially facilitating fungal survival in the larval gut. Understanding these mechanisms opens possibilities for leveraging AMPs to combat C. tropicalis, which is implicated in human diseases.
黑腹果蝇（Hermetia illucens）由于其暴露于多种微生物中，因此在抗菌肽（AMP）研究中很重要。然而，不同真菌对 H. illucens 中 AMP 丰度的影响尚未得到探索。我们使用 RNA 测序和液相色谱串联质谱法，在基础条件下以及与三种真菌（非致病性热带假丝酵母、酿酒酵母和致病性球孢白僵菌）一起研究了 AMP 表达的诱导。在原始条件下，大多数 AMP 属于溶菌酶、cecropin 和 defensin 类，其中 defensin 最为丰富。我们证明，用真菌进行饮食补充足以诱导 H. illucens 中 AMP 的表达。然而，暴露于热带假丝酵母和球孢白僵菌也会导致某些 AMP 的下调，这表明这些真菌可能会抑制或调节宿主的免疫反应，以帮助它们存活和定植。显然，酿酒酵母和球孢白僵菌触发了相似的 AMP 途径，而热带假丝酵母则引起防御素和 cecropin 的上调反应。溶菌酶被酿酒酵母和球孢白僵菌上调，但被热带假丝酵母下调，这可能有助于真菌在幼虫肠道中的存活。了解这些机制为利用 AMP 来对抗热带假丝酵母提供了可能性，热带假丝酵母与人类疾病有关。
