Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, México.
Arch Bronconeumol. 2012 May;48(5):156-60. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2011.12.004. Epub 2012 Feb 15.
Studies on the relationship of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence and altitude have reported contrasting results. The aim of this COPD case-finding study was to include a larger number of geographical sites to determine if there is an association between altitude and COPD prevalence.
Individuals aged 40 or older with known COPD risk factors, whether symptomatic or not, were referred by primary-care physicians. After obtaining written informed consent, they were invited to answer a questionnaire and undergo pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry.
Subjects were recruited in 27 Mexican cities, within an altitude range from 1 to 2,680 m above sea level. We found a weak (-0.31; P<.0001) although significant negative correlation between altitude and COPD prevalence. The COPD rate for cities located ≤1,000 m was 32.7% vs 16.4% for cities located >1,000 m (P<.0001); the rate for cities located at ≤2,000 m was 22.7% vs 15.6% for those >2,000 m; in the multiple logistic regression analysis, older age, male sex, tobacco habit, pack-years of smoking, years of exposure to biomass smoke and city altitude over sea level were significantly associated with COPD prevalence.
Our data shows a significant inverse correlation between prevalence/severity of COPD and altitude.
关于慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患病率与海拔高度的关系的研究报告结果不一。本 COPD 筛查研究的目的是纳入更多地理位置，以确定海拔高度与 COPD 患病率之间是否存在关联。
年龄在 40 岁或以上、有已知 COPD 危险因素（无论是否有症状）的个体由初级保健医生转介。在获得书面知情同意后，他们被邀请回答问卷并接受支气管扩张剂前和后肺量测定。
研究对象来自墨西哥 27 个城市，海拔高度在 1 至 2680 米之间。我们发现，海拔高度与 COPD 患病率之间存在微弱的负相关（-0.31；P<.0001），尽管有统计学意义。位于海拔 1000 米以下的城市的 COPD 发病率为 32.7%，而位于海拔 1000 米以上的城市的 COPD 发病率为 16.4%（P<.0001）；位于海拔 2000 米以下的城市的 COPD 发病率为 22.7%，而位于海拔 2000 米以上的城市的 COPD 发病率为 15.6%；在多变量逻辑回归分析中，年龄较大、男性、吸烟习惯、吸烟包年数、接触生物量烟雾的年限和城市海拔高度与 COPD 患病率显著相关。
我们的数据显示 COPD 的患病率/严重程度与海拔高度呈显著负相关。
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