Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ-85287, USA.
Appetite. 2012 Jun;58(3):882-8. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.02.006. Epub 2012 Feb 14.
The cognitive representation of a food as being a "snack" or a "meal" influences eating behavior. We found previously that subjects who considered a particular food to be a 'snack' ate significantly more calories when tested later than subjects who considered the same foods as a 'meal'. We conducted two surveys to determine the categorization of foods as "snacks" or "meals". Survey 2 included a larger variety of foods with detailed descriptions and a response option of "never tried". Both surveys found that potato chips, crackers, cookies, and nuts were consistently viewed as snacks, while soups, burritos, pizza, and pancakes were consistently viewed as meals. Useful for future research are foods we found that students varied in considering a snack or meal. Survey 1 found that half the respondents viewed toast, cheese on toast, muffins, and French fries as snacks and the other half as meals. Similarly, in Survey 2 potato salad, toast with jam, English muffin, cinnamon rolls, and nachos were categorized almost equally as snack and meal. These foods can be used in studies looking at the effects of categorizing a food as a meal or snack on other behaviors or categorization, while controlling for the food item.
食物是“零食”还是“正餐”的认知会影响人们的饮食行为。我们之前发现，与将同一种食物视为“正餐”的人相比，那些认为某种食物是“零食”的人在之后的测试中会摄入更多的卡路里。我们进行了两项调查，以确定食物是归类为“零食”还是“正餐”。调查 2 包括了更多种类的食物，有详细的描述和“从未尝试过”的选项。这两项调查都发现，薯片、饼干、曲奇和坚果一直被视为零食，而汤、玉米饼、披萨和薄饼则一直被视为正餐。对于未来的研究来说，我们发现学生们对一些食物的看法存在差异，这些食物可以归类为零食或正餐。调查 1 发现，一半的受访者认为烤面包、烤面包上的奶酪、松饼和薯条是零食，另一半则认为是正餐。同样，在调查 2 中，土豆沙拉、果酱吐司、英式松饼、肉桂卷和玉米片也几乎被同样归类为零食和正餐。这些食物可以用于研究将食物归类为正餐或零食对其他行为或分类的影响，同时控制食物本身的影响。
