Lozano Rafael, Gómez-Dantés Héctor, Castro María Victoria, Franco-Marina Francisco, Santos-Preciado José I
Instituto de la Métrica y Evaluación en Salud, Universidad de Washington, EUA, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
Salud Publica Mex. 2011;53 Suppl 3:S295-302.
To describe the advances made by countries in the Mesoamerican region towards reaching Millenium Development Goals (MDG) 4 and 5, and discuss the most useful tasks to help the region in accomplishing or keeping track of these objectives.
The trend estimates of maternal and under 5 mortality from 1990 to 2008, the effective coverage of vaccination against diphteria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT), prenatal care and childbirth by qualified personnel were taken from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) and the causes of death for children under five were taken from the Children's Health Epidemiology Reference Group of WHO (CHERG).
The regional trend in the rate of mortality for children under five (MDG-4) in the last 18 years shows an annual reduction of 4.2%, significantly above the global reduction of 2.1%. This suggests that countries of Mesoamerica will be able to fulfill this objective. In contrast, data for 2008 shows that the rate of reduction of maternal mortality is very heterogeneous and it is unlikely that any of the countries in the region will reach this goal.
Efforts made by countries in Mesoamerica have been substantial in controlling mortality in children under five years but insufficient to achieve MDG-5. Although the tendency is in the right track the reduction rate will only partially fulfill the acquired commitments to eradicate poverty.
描述中美洲地区各国在实现千年发展目标4和5方面取得的进展，并讨论有助于该地区实现或跟踪这些目标的最有用任务。
1990年至2008年孕产妇和5岁以下儿童死亡率的趋势估计、白喉、百日咳和破伤风疫苗（DPT）的有效接种覆盖率、合格人员提供的产前护理和分娩情况取自健康指标与评估研究所（IHME），5岁以下儿童的死因取自世界卫生组织儿童健康流行病学参考小组（CHERG）。
过去18年中，该地区5岁以下儿童死亡率（千年发展目标4）的趋势显示，年降幅为4.2%，显著高于全球2.1%的降幅。这表明中美洲国家将能够实现这一目标。相比之下，2008年的数据显示，孕产妇死亡率的下降速度差异很大，该地区任何国家都不太可能实现这一目标。
中美洲各国在控制5岁以下儿童死亡率方面做出了巨大努力，但在实现千年发展目标5方面还不够。尽管趋势是正确的，但下降速度只能部分履行消除贫困的既定承诺。
