Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty Division, Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Montebello, Olso, Norway.
Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 2012 Jan-Feb;7(1):1-6. doi: 10.1002/cmmi.458.
Molecular imaging (MI) takes advantage of several new techniques to detect biomarkers or biochemical and cellular processes, with the goal of obtaining high sensitivity, specificity and signal-to-noise ratio imaging of disease. The imaging modalities bearing the most promise for MI are positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) and different optical imaging techniques with high sensitivity. Also magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast agents like ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO), magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultrasound imaging with contrast agents may be useful approaches. MI techniques have been used in the clinic for many years, i.e. PET imaging using (18) F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose. Animal studies have during the last years revealed great potential for MI also with several other agents. The focus of the present article is the challenges of clinical imaging of intracellular targets following intravenous injection of the agents. Thus, the great challenge of getting enough contrast agent into the cytosol and at the same time obtaining a low signal from tissue just outside the diseased area is discussed.
分子影像学（MI）利用多种新技术来检测生物标志物或生化和细胞过程，旨在获得疾病高灵敏度、高特异性和高信噪比的成像。最有前途的 MI 成像方式有正电子发射断层扫描（PET）、单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）和具有高灵敏度的不同光学成像技术。此外，具有超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒（USPIO）等对比剂的磁共振成像（MRI）、磁共振波谱和具有对比剂的超声成像也可能是有用的方法。MI 技术已经在临床上使用了多年，例如使用 (18)F 标记的氟脱氧葡萄糖进行 PET 成像。近年来的动物研究表明，MI 也具有其他几种药物的巨大潜力。本文的重点是讨论静脉注射这些药物后细胞内靶点的临床成像所面临的挑战。因此，本文讨论了如何将足够的造影剂进入细胞质，同时从病变区域外的组织获得低信号的巨大挑战。
