TNO The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Age Ageing. 2012 Mar;41(2):190-5. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afr178.
up till now, the risk of falls has been expressed as falls incidence (i.e. the number of falls or fallers per 100 person-years). However, the risk of an accident or injury is the probability of having an accident or injury per unit of exposure. The FARE (Falls risk by Exposure) is a measure for falls risk which incorporates physical activity as a measure of exposure. The objective of this study was to compare falls incidence and the FARE when expressing the age-related risk of fall-related injuries.
data of 21,020 community-dwelling elderly aged ≥55 years (60.3% women) obtained from a national survey (2000-05) were used to compare incidence of fall-related injuries and the FARE. In order to compare both measures, risk ratios (of both outcome measures) were calculated for each age group. Hierarchical regression analyses (linear versus exponential model) were conducted to check the best model fit when expressing falls risk by age for the total study population and for men and women separately.
the risk of fall-related injuries, calculated on the basis of the incidence of fall-related injuries, showed a linear relationship with age, whereas the risk calculated on the basis of fall-related injuries corrected for exposure (falls risk by exposure, FARE) showed an exponential relationship. Calculations on the basis of the incidence of fall-related injuries underestimated the risk of fall-related injuries in people aged 70 years and older, and especially in women.
calculation of the risk of fall-related injuries based on the incidence of these injuries underestimates the risk of such injuries relative to that calculated on the basis of the FARE. FARE-based calculations enable the early identification of people at high risk of falls and provide a more sensitive outcome measure for studies evaluating falls prevention interventions.
到目前为止，跌倒风险一直以跌倒发生率（即每 100 人年的跌倒次数或跌倒人数）来表示。然而，事故或伤害的风险是指在单位暴露下发生事故或伤害的概率。FARE（基于暴露的跌倒风险）是一种衡量跌倒风险的方法，它将身体活动作为暴露的衡量标准。本研究的目的是比较年龄相关性跌倒相关伤害风险的跌倒发生率和 FARE。
使用来自全国性调查（2000-05 年）的 21,020 名≥55 岁的社区居住老年人的数据（60.3%为女性），比较跌倒相关伤害的发生率和 FARE。为了比较这两种方法，针对每个年龄组计算了两种结果测量的风险比（两者的风险比）。进行分层回归分析（线性与指数模型），以检查在表达总研究人群和男女分别的年龄相关跌倒风险时，最佳模型拟合情况。
基于跌倒相关伤害发生率计算的跌倒相关伤害风险呈线性关系，而基于校正了暴露的跌倒相关伤害（基于暴露的跌倒风险，FARE）计算的跌倒风险则呈指数关系。基于跌倒相关伤害发生率的计算低估了 70 岁及以上人群和尤其是女性的跌倒相关伤害风险。
基于跌倒相关伤害发生率计算的跌倒相关伤害风险相对于基于 FARE 计算的跌倒相关伤害风险被低估。基于 FARE 的计算可以早期识别高跌倒风险人群，并为评估跌倒预防干预措施的研究提供更敏感的结果测量。
