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利用广义互相关测量超声 LPS 系统中的飞行时间。

Measuring time-of-flight in an ultrasonic LPS system using generalized cross-correlation.

机构信息

Department of Electronics, Polytechnic School, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33,600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28805, Spain.

出版信息

Sensors (Basel). 2011;11(11):10326-42. doi: 10.3390/s111110326. Epub 2011 Oct 31.

DOI:10.3390/s111110326
PMID:22346645
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3274287/
Abstract

In this article, a time-of-flight detection technique in the frequency domain is described for an ultrasonic local positioning system (LPS) based on encoded beacons. Beacon transmissions have been synchronized and become simultaneous by means of the DS-CDMA (direct-sequence code Division multiple access) technique. Every beacon has been associated to a 255-bit Kasami code. The detection of signal arrival instant at the receiver, from which the distance to each beacon can be obtained, is based on the application of the generalized cross-correlation (GCC), by using the cross-spectral density between the received signal and the sequence to be detected. Prior filtering to enhance the frequency components around the carrier frequency (40 kHz) has improved estimations when obtaining the correlation function maximum, which implies an improvement in distance measurement precision. Positioning has been achieved by using hyperbolic trilateration, based on the time differences of arrival (TDOA) between a reference beacon and the others.

摘要

本文描述了一种基于编码信标的超声局域定位系统（LPS）中的频域飞行时间检测技术。通过直接序列码分多址（DS-CDMA）技术实现了信标传输的同步和同时性。每个信标都与一个 255 位 Kasami 码相关联。通过应用广义互相关（GCC），利用接收信号与待检测序列之间的互谱密度，可以检测到接收器处的信号到达瞬间，从而获得与每个信标之间的距离。在获得相关函数最大值时，对载波频率（40 kHz）周围的频率分量进行预先滤波可以提高估计值，这意味着距离测量精度得到了提高。通过使用基于参考信标和其他信标之间到达时间差（TDOA）的双曲线三边测量法实现了定位。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/bb8f180f296b/sensors-11-10326f16.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/801891a887ff/sensors-11-10326f1.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/83d63d3b6153/sensors-11-10326f3.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/f60f94d583d2/sensors-11-10326f5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/18a8321e8fcb/sensors-11-10326f6.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/7ecdc57ae3eb/sensors-11-10326f8.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/43c9358247ff/sensors-11-10326f9.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/ad2bb577301b/sensors-11-10326f10.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/51fc0460cc02/sensors-11-10326f11.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/056f8cfba810/sensors-11-10326f12.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/38b5712d5b51/sensors-11-10326f13.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/3dc682ca3ccd/sensors-11-10326f14.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/33d9662b5faf/sensors-11-10326f15.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/bb8f180f296b/sensors-11-10326f16.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/801891a887ff/sensors-11-10326f1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/605af69b9abe/sensors-11-10326f2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/83d63d3b6153/sensors-11-10326f3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/dc8ab76896a1/sensors-11-10326f4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/f60f94d583d2/sensors-11-10326f5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/18a8321e8fcb/sensors-11-10326f6.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/1ad82400b87d/sensors-11-10326f7.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/7ecdc57ae3eb/sensors-11-10326f8.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/43c9358247ff/sensors-11-10326f9.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/ad2bb577301b/sensors-11-10326f10.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/51fc0460cc02/sensors-11-10326f11.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/056f8cfba810/sensors-11-10326f12.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/38b5712d5b51/sensors-11-10326f13.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/3dc682ca3ccd/sensors-11-10326f14.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/33d9662b5faf/sensors-11-10326f15.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f012/3274287/bb8f180f296b/sensors-11-10326f16.jpg

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