Majid Adrian, Redfield Robert R, Gilliam Bruce L
Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2012;4:17-28. doi: 10.2147/HIV.S25082. Epub 2012 Feb 3.
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus remains a global concern with a significant number of incident infections still reported worldwide. The use of prophylaxis prior to exposure to the virus to prevent infection has been a growing area of recent research. Results in nonhuman primates and clinical trials in high-risk patient populations using preexposure prophylaxis have shown promising results in terms of efficacy and safety, especially relating to oral preexposure prophylaxis. The potential use of oral antiretroviral agents traditionally used for human immunodeficiency virus treatment as prophylaxis raises interesting considerations, such as the best agents available for such a role, long-term safety in healthy individuals, and the potential development of resistance to these agents should infection occur. From a public health perspective, the cost-effectiveness of implementing this preventive strategy has not been fully defined at this point in time.
人类免疫缺陷病毒感染仍然是一个全球关注的问题，全球仍报告有大量新发感染病例。在接触病毒之前使用预防措施来预防感染一直是近期研究中一个不断发展的领域。在非人类灵长类动物身上的研究结果以及在高危患者群体中使用暴露前预防的临床试验在疗效和安全性方面都显示出了有前景的结果，特别是与口服暴露前预防有关的方面。传统上用于治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒的口服抗逆转录病毒药物作为预防药物的潜在用途引发了一些有趣的思考，例如最适合担任这一角色的药物、健康个体的长期安全性以及如果发生感染这些药物可能产生的耐药性。从公共卫生的角度来看，目前实施这一预防策略的成本效益尚未完全明确。
