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高衰减肺部异常的CT表现

CT findings of high-attenuation pulmonary abnormalities.

作者信息

Ceylan Naim, Bayraktaroglu Selen, Savaş Recep, Alper Hudaver

机构信息

Department of Radiology, Ege University School of Medicine, Bornova, Izmir, 35100 Turkey.

出版信息

Insights Imaging. 2010 Sep;1(4):287-292. doi: 10.1007/s13244-010-0039-2. Epub 2010 Sep 4.

DOI:10.1007/s13244-010-0039-2
PMID:22347923
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3259307/
Abstract

OBJECTIVES

To review the computed tomography (CT) findings of common and uncommon high-attenuation pulmonary lesions and to present a classification scheme of the various entities that can result in high-attenuation pulmonary abnormalities based on the pattern and distribution of findings on CT. BACKGROUND: High-attenuation pulmonary abnormalities can result from the deposition of calcium or, less commonly, other high-attenuation material such as talc, amiodarone, iron, tin, mercury and barium sulphate. CT is highly sensitive in the detection of areas of abnormally high attenuation in the lung parenchyma, airways, mediastinum and pleura. The cause of the calcifications and other high-attenuation conditions may be determined based on the location and pattern of the abnormalities within the lung parenchyma and knowledge of the associated clinical features. RESULTS: We have presented a diagnostic approach based on the presence and distribution of five main patterns of high-attenuation conditions on CT: (1) small hyperdense nodules, (2) large calcified nodules or masses, (3) high-attenuation linear or reticular pattern, (4) high-attenuation consolidation and (5) high attenuation extraparenchymal lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Some high-attenuation pulmonary abnormalities have characteristic CT findings suggesting the correct diagnosis. In other diseases, a combination of clinical features and radiological findings can significantly improve diagnostic accuracy.

摘要

目的

回顾常见及不常见的高衰减肺病变的计算机断层扫描（CT）表现，并基于CT表现的模式和分布，提出可导致高衰减肺异常的各种实体的分类方案。背景：肺高衰减异常可由钙沉积引起，或较少见的由其他高衰减物质如滑石粉、胺碘酮、铁、锡、汞和硫酸钡沉积引起。CT对检测肺实质、气道、纵隔和胸膜内异常高衰减区域高度敏感。钙化及其他高衰减情况的病因可根据肺实质内异常的位置和模式以及相关临床特征来确定。结果：我们提出了一种基于CT上高衰减情况的五种主要模式的存在和分布的诊断方法：（1）小的高密度结节，（2）大的钙化结节或肿块，（3）高衰减线性或网状模式，（4）高衰减实变，（5）高衰减肺外病变。结论：一些肺高衰减异常具有特征性的CT表现，提示正确诊断。在其他疾病中，临床特征和影像学表现相结合可显著提高诊断准确性。

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