Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2012;970:335-54. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0932-8_15.
The efficiency of synaptic transmission undergoes plastic modification in response to changes in input activity. This phenomenon is most commonly referred to as synaptic plasticity and can involve different cellular mechanisms over time. In the short term, typically in the order of minutes to 1 h, synaptic plasticity is mediated by the actions of locally existing proteins. In the longer term, the synthesis of new proteins from existing or newly synthesized mRNAs is required to maintain the changes in synaptic transmission. Many studies have attempted to identify genes induced by neuronal activity and to elucidate the functions of the encoded proteins. In this chapter, we describe our current understanding of how activity can regulate the synthesis of new proteins, how the distribution of the newly synthesized protein is regulated in relation to the synapses undergoing plasticity and the function of these proteins in both Hebbian and homeostatic synaptic plasticity.
突触传递的效率会针对输入活动的变化发生可塑性改变。这种现象通常被称为突触可塑性，并且随着时间的推移可能涉及不同的细胞机制。在短期内，通常在几分钟到 1 小时的时间内，突触可塑性由局部存在的蛋白质的作用介导。在较长时间内，需要从现有或新合成的 mRNA 中合成新的蛋白质，以维持突触传递的变化。许多研究试图鉴定由神经元活动诱导的基因，并阐明编码蛋白的功能。在本章中，我们描述了我们目前对活动如何调节新蛋白质合成的理解，描述了新合成的蛋白质的分布如何与经历可塑性的突触相关联进行调节，以及这些蛋白质在赫布（Hebbian）和稳态突触可塑性中的功能。
