Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
Cancer Biol Ther. 2012 Feb 15;13(4):224-36. doi: 10.4161/cbt.13.4.18877.
We have further defined mechanism(s) by which the drug OSU-03012 (OSU) kills tumor cells. OSU lethality was suppressed by knock down of PERK and enhanced by knock down of ATF6 and IRE1α. OSU treatment suppressed expression of the chaperone, BiP/GRP78, and did so through reduced stability of the protein. Knock down of BiP/GRP78 further enhanced OSU lethality. Overexpression of BiP/GRP78 abolished OSU toxicity. Pre-treatment of cells with OSU enhanced radiosensitivity to a greater extent than concomitant or sequential drug treatment with radiation exposure. Expression of a mutant active p110 PI3K, or mutant active forms of the EGFR in GBM cells did not differentially suppress OSU killing. In contrast loss of PTEN function reduced OSU lethality, without altering AKT, p70 S6K or mTOR activity, or the drug's ability to radiosensitize GBM cells. Knock down of PTEN protected cells from OSU and radiation treatment whereas re-expression of PTEN facilitated drug lethality and radiosensitization. In a dose-dependent fashion OSU prolonged the survival of mice carrying GBM tumors and interacted with radiotherapy to further prolong survival. Collectively, our data show that reduced BiP/GRP78 levels play a key role in OSU-3012 toxicity in GBM cells, and that this drug has in vivo activity against an invasive primary human GBM isolate.
我们进一步定义了药物 OSU-03012(OSU)杀死肿瘤细胞的机制。PERK 的敲低抑制了 OSU 的致死性,而 ATF6 和 IRE1α 的敲低则增强了其致死性。OSU 处理抑制了伴侣蛋白 BiP/GRP78 的表达,这是通过降低蛋白质的稳定性实现的。BiP/GRP78 的敲低进一步增强了 OSU 的致死性。BiP/GRP78 的过表达消除了 OSU 的毒性。与同时或序贯用药物处理相比,用 OSU 预处理细胞可增强对放射的敏感性。在 GBM 细胞中表达突变的活性 p110 PI3K 或突变的活性形式的 EGFR 并不能不同程度地抑制 OSU 的杀伤作用。相比之下,PTEN 功能的丧失降低了 OSU 的致死性,而不改变 AKT、p70 S6K 或 mTOR 的活性,也不影响 OSU 使 GBM 细胞对放射敏感的能力。PTEN 的敲低保护细胞免受 OSU 和放射治疗的影响,而 PTEN 的重新表达则促进了药物的致死性和放射增敏作用。OSU 以剂量依赖性方式延长了携带 GBM 肿瘤的小鼠的存活时间,并与放射治疗相互作用以进一步延长存活时间。总的来说,我们的数据表明,降低 BiP/GRP78 水平在 OSU-3012 对 GBM 细胞的毒性中起着关键作用,并且该药物对侵袭性原发性人 GBM 分离物具有体内活性。