The Family Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
J Addict Dis. 2012;31(1):29-44. doi: 10.1080/10550887.2011.642766.
Prenatal substance exposure is associated with physical birth defects and increased risk of regulatory and neuropsychological difficulties of children born to mothers using substances while pregnant. Myriad factors, such as maternal psychopathology, stress, and poor living circumstances, may influence childhood development in addition to the teratological effect of prenatal substance exposure. This study explores the long-term developmental consequences in children from birth to age 7 born to women using substances and are in treatment. A series of t tests were performed to explore group effects on the cognitive and social dimensions of Griffiths Mental Development Scales compared with Swedish norms. The results showed significant effects on eye and hand coordination in children aged birth to 7 years and on hearing and speech, practical reasoning, and the general quotient in children aged 3 to 7 years. Children who were exposed primarily to alcohol in utero scored significantly lower on the personal and social skills subscale, eye and hand coordination subscale, and the general quotient than children exposed primarily to substances other than alcohol. These effects did not appear to be mediated by the mothers' social background or treatment history. The results suggest that children who are exposed to substances, in particular alcohol, in utero are vulnerable overall, but especially in eye and hand coordination and personal and social skills.
产前物质暴露与儿童身体出生缺陷和监管以及神经心理困难的风险增加有关，这些儿童的母亲在怀孕期间使用物质。除了产前物质暴露的致畸作用外，许多因素，如母亲的精神病理学、压力和恶劣的生活环境，可能会影响儿童的发育。本研究探讨了在使用物质并正在接受治疗的妇女所生的儿童从出生到 7 岁的长期发育后果。进行了一系列 t 检验，以探索与瑞典常模相比，格利菲斯精神发育量表的认知和社会维度上的组效应。结果表明，在 7 岁以下儿童的眼手协调以及 3 至 7 岁儿童的听力和言语、实际推理和一般商数方面存在显著影响。在子宫内主要暴露于酒精的儿童在个人和社交技能分量表、眼手协调分量表和一般商数上的得分明显低于主要暴露于酒精以外物质的儿童。这些影响似乎不受母亲的社会背景或治疗史的影响。研究结果表明，在子宫内暴露于物质（特别是酒精）的儿童总体上较为脆弱，但在眼手协调和个人与社交技能方面尤其脆弱。
