Yu Shan-fa, Gu Gui-zhen, Zhou Wen-hui, Zhou Shi-yi, Yang Xiao-fa, Sun Shi-yi
Henan Provincial Institute of Occupational Health, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2011 Dec;29(12):887-92.
To explore gender difference of relationship between occupational stress and depressive symptoms.
The cross-sectional study was used to investigate 5338 workers in 13 factories and companies, the depressive symptoms were assessed with Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the perceived occupational stress was evaluated by the Chinese version of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Model Questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the associations between occupational stress and prevalence of depressive symptoms.
Prevalence of depressive symptoms was 31.8% for all subjects, 33.8% for males and 27.7% for females, gender difference of prevalence was significant (P < 0.01). Psychological demands, physical demands, job control, effort, overcommitment and negative affectivity scores for males were significantly higher than those for females(P < 0.01 or 0.05), social support, reward and job satisfaction scores for males were significantly lower than those for females (P < 0.01). Psychological demands, physical demands, job control, effort, overcommitment and negative affectivity scores for workers with depressive symptoms were significantly higher than those for workers without depressive symptoms (P < 0.01) but job control, social support, reward, job satisfaction and positive affectivity scores for workers with depressive symptoms were significantly lower than those for without depressive symptoms (P < 0.01). Psychological demands, physical demands, job control, effort, overcommitment and negative affectivity scores for male workers with depressive symptoms were significantly higher than those for female counterparts (P < 0.01), but social support, reward, job satisfaction scores for male workers with depressive symptoms were significantly lower than hose for female workers with depressive symptoms (P < 0.01). Ratio of male workers and male workers with depressive symptoms with job strain and ERI > 1, high demands and low control, and high effort and low reward were higher than female counterparts (P < 0.01). The risk of depressive symptoms for female with high demands and low control was about two times as high as that for female workers with low demands and high control for psychological demands and physical demands (OR = 2.0), risk for females was slightly higher than that for males (OR = 2.04 and 2.17, respectively). The risk of depressive symptoms for workers with high efforts and low rewards was about two times as high as that for workers with low efforts and high rewards (OR = 1.70). No interactive effect between gender and job strain and ERI on depressive symptoms were found.
The gender difference of relationship between depressive symptom prevalence and job strain may due to the difference of psychosocial factors between females and males. There may be no interactive effect between psychosocial factors and gender on depressive symptoms.
探讨职业压力与抑郁症状之间关系的性别差异。
采用横断面研究方法，对13家工厂和公司的5338名工人进行调查，用流行病学研究抑郁量表（CES-D）评估抑郁症状，用中文版工作内容问卷（JCQ）和付出-回报失衡（ERI）模型问卷评估感知到的职业压力。进行逻辑回归分析以估计职业压力与抑郁症状患病率之间的关联。
所有受试者的抑郁症状患病率为31.8%，男性为33.8%，女性为27.7%，患病率的性别差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。男性的心理需求、身体需求、工作控制、努力程度、过度投入和消极情感得分显著高于女性（P<0.01或0.05），男性的社会支持、回报和工作满意度得分显著低于女性（P<0.01）。有抑郁症状的工人的心理需求、身体需求、工作控制、努力程度、过度投入和消极情感得分显著高于无抑郁症状的工人（P<0.01），但有抑郁症状的工人的工作控制、社会支持、回报、工作满意度和积极情感得分显著低于无抑郁症状的工人（P<0.01）。有抑郁症状的男性工人的心理需求、身体需求、工作控制、努力程度、过度投入和消极情感得分显著高于女性同行（P<0.01），但有抑郁症状的男性工人的社会支持、回报、工作满意度得分显著低于有抑郁症状的女性工人（P<0.01）。有工作紧张和ERI>1、高要求和低控制以及高努力和低回报的男性工人和有抑郁症状的男性工人的比例高于女性同行（P<0.01）。心理需求和身体需求方面，高要求和低控制的女性患抑郁症状的风险约为低要求和高控制女性工人的两倍（OR=2.0），女性的风险略高于男性（分别为OR=2.04和2.17）。高努力和低回报的工人患抑郁症状的风险约为低努力和高回报工人的两倍（OR=1.70）。未发现性别与工作紧张和ERI对抑郁症状有交互作用。
抑郁症状患病率与工作紧张之间关系的性别差异可能归因于男性和女性心理社会因素的差异。心理社会因素与性别对抑郁症状可能没有交互作用。
