Stiegler H
Klinik für Angiologie, Klinikum München-Schwabing, Kölner Platz 1, Munich, Germany.
Internist (Berl). 2012 Mar;53(3):298-308. doi: 10.1007/s00108-011-2956-7.
Vascular ultrasound plays an important role in the visual depiction of arteries, veins, and changes of tissue in lymphatic diseases. In the case of arteries, this ranges from endothelial dysfunction over measuring the increase of intima media thickness to the detection of stenoses, occlusion, or aneurysm. Ultrasound helps to differentiate in functional arterial diseases such as primary and secondary Raynaud's syndrome as well as arterial compression syndromes like entrapment syndrome of different arterial regions or the chronic exceptional compartment syndrome of the lower leg. Ultrasound plays a central role in the diagnosis of rare arterial diseases like large vessel vasculitis, arterial dissection, cystic adventitial degeneration, and the differentiation of vascular malformation especially in children, thus, permitting ultrasound-guided intervention and follow-up controls. In venous thrombosis, sonography is the primary imaging method, while follow-up controls help in the prediction of recurrent venous thrombosis. Ultrasound is a tool to determine the cause and severity of chronic venous insufficiency and allows different therapeutic procedures for the treatment of varicose veins to be visually monitored.
血管超声在可视化描绘动脉、静脉以及淋巴疾病中组织变化方面发挥着重要作用。对于动脉而言，其应用范围涵盖从内皮功能障碍、测量内膜中层厚度增加到检测狭窄、闭塞或动脉瘤。超声有助于鉴别功能性动脉疾病，如原发性和继发性雷诺综合征，以及动脉压迫综合征，如不同动脉区域的卡压综合征或小腿慢性特发性间隔综合征。超声在诊断罕见动脉疾病（如大血管血管炎、动脉夹层、囊性外膜退变）以及鉴别血管畸形（尤其是儿童患者）方面发挥着核心作用，从而能够进行超声引导下的干预和随访监测。在静脉血栓形成方面，超声检查是主要的成像方法，而随访监测有助于预测复发性静脉血栓形成。超声是确定慢性静脉功能不全病因和严重程度的工具，还能对治疗静脉曲张的不同治疗程序进行可视化监测。
