女性外阴残割：埃塞俄比亚克萨地区的流行情况、观念和对妇女健康的影响。
Female genital mutilation: prevalence, perceptions and effect on women's health in Kersa district of Ethiopia.
机构信息
University of Southern Denmark, Faculty of Health Sciences, Esbjerg, Denmark.
出版信息
Int J Womens Health. 2012;4:45-54. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S28805. Epub 2012 Feb 13.
BACKGROUND
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is nontherapeutic surgical modification of the female genitalia. It is an ancient tradition in large parts of Africa, including Ethiopia, especially in the eastern part of the country. This study aimed to identify the prevalence, perceptions, perpetuators, reasons for conducting FGM, and factors associated with this practice with regard to women's health.
METHODS
Community-based cross-sectional house-to-house interviews were conducted during 2008 among 858 females of reproductive age (15-49 years), in Kersa district, East Hararge, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Proportions and Chi-square tests were used to describe the data and logistic regression was used to describe statistical associations. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
RESULTS
FGM was reported to be known by 327 (38.5%) of the interviewees. The majority (n = 249, 76.1%) reported that local healers were the main performers of FGM, and 258 (78.9%) respondents stated that the clitoris was the part removed during circumcision. The main reason for the practice of FGM was reduction of female sexual hyperactivity (reported by 198 women [60.3%]). Circumcision of daughters was reported by 288 (88.1%) respondents, and this showed a statistically significant association with the Christian religion (P = 0.003), illiteracy (P = 0.01), and Amhara ethnicity (P = 0.012). The majority of the respondents (792, 92.3%) were themselves circumcised and 68.8% did not know of any health-related problems associated with FGM.
CONCLUSION
In spite of FGM being a common practice in the study area, only one third of the respondents stated that they knew about it. Local healers were the main performers of FGM. Some of the women knew about the negative reproductive health effects of FGM and some had also experienced these themselves. However, only a few had tried to stop the practice and the majority had taken no steps to do so. This may be attributable to the fear of becoming alienated from the cultural system and fear of isolation.
背景
女性生殖器切割是对女性生殖器的非治疗性外科改造。它是非洲大部分地区，包括埃塞俄比亚，尤其是该国东部的一个古老传统。本研究旨在确定女性生殖器切割的流行率、认知、实施者、实施原因以及与妇女健康相关的因素。
方法
2008 年，在埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚地区东哈勒尔格的克萨区，对 858 名育龄妇女（15-49 岁）进行了基于社区的横断面家访访谈。使用比例和卡方检验描述数据，使用逻辑回归描述统计关联。统计显著性设为 P < 0.05。
结果
327 名（38.5%）受访者报告称了解女性生殖器切割。大多数（n=249，76.1%）受访者报告说当地治疗师是女性生殖器切割的主要执行者，258 名（78.9%）受访者表示在割礼时切除的是阴蒂。实施女性生殖器切割的主要原因是减少女性性活跃（198 名妇女[60.3%]报告）。288 名（88.1%）受访者报告说为女儿进行了割礼，这与基督教（P=0.003）、文盲（P=0.01）和阿姆哈拉族（P=0.012）呈统计学显著关联。大多数受访者（792，92.3%）自己接受了割礼，68.8%不知道与女性生殖器切割相关的任何健康问题。
结论
尽管女性生殖器切割在研究地区是一种常见做法，但只有三分之一的受访者表示他们了解这一情况。当地治疗师是女性生殖器切割的主要执行者。一些妇女了解女性生殖器切割对生殖健康的负面影响，一些妇女自己也经历过这些。然而，只有少数人试图阻止这种做法，大多数人没有采取任何措施。这可能是由于害怕脱离文化体系和孤立。
Zotero 插件