Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA.
Water Res. 2012 May 1;46(7):2385-94. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.02.010. Epub 2012 Feb 14.
Water treatment processes can cause secondary changes in water chemistry that alter finished water quality including chloride, sulfate, natural organic matter (NOM), and metal release. Hence, the goal of this research was to provide an improved understanding of the chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio (CSMR) with regards to chloride and sulfate variations at full-scale water treatment plants and corrosion potential under simulated premise plumbing conditions. Laboratory corrosion studies were conducted using Pb-Sn solder/Cu tubing galvanic cells exposed to model waters with low (approx. 5 mg/L Cl(-) and 10 mg/L SO(4)(2-)) and high (approx. 50 mg/L Cl(-) and 100 mg/L SO(4)(2-)) concentrations of chloride and sulfate at a constant CSMR of ≈ 0.5. The role of NOM during corrosion was also evaluated by changing the type of organic material. In addition, full-scale sampling was conducted to quantify the raw water variability of chloride, sulfate, and NOM concentrations and the changes to these parameters from magnetic ion exchange treatment. Test conditions with higher concentrations of chloride and sulfate released significantly more lead than the lower chloride and sulfate test waters. In addition, the source of NOM was a key factor in the amount of lead released with the model organic compounds yielding significantly less lead release than aquatic NOM.
水处理过程会导致水质发生二次变化，包括氯化物、硫酸盐、天然有机物 (NOM) 和金属释放，从而改变出水水质。因此，本研究的目的是更好地了解氯化物与硫酸盐的质量比 (CSMR)，特别是在全规模水处理厂中氯化物和硫酸盐的变化以及模拟前提管道条件下的腐蚀潜力。使用 Pb-Sn 焊料/Cu 管电偶电池进行了实验室腐蚀研究，这些电池暴露在低浓度（约 5mg/L Cl(-) 和 10mg/L SO(4)(2-)）和高浓度（约 50mg/L Cl(-) 和 100mg/L SO(4)(2-)）的氯化物和硫酸盐模型水中，CSMR 约为 0.5。还通过改变有机材料的类型来评估 NOM 在腐蚀过程中的作用。此外，还进行了全规模采样，以量化原水氯化物、硫酸盐和 NOM 浓度的变化，并评估了这些参数从磁离子交换处理后的变化。氯化物和硫酸盐浓度较高的测试条件会释放出明显更多的铅，而氯化物和硫酸盐浓度较低的测试条件则会释放出更多的铅。此外，NOM 的来源是释放铅量的关键因素，模型有机化合物的释放量明显低于水生生有机物。
