Harding Mariann
School of Nursing, Kent State University at Tuscarawas, New Philadelphia, OH, USA.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 2012 Mar;39(2):E132-40. doi: 10.1188/12.ONF.E132-E140.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To determine whether cancer survivors engage in health-promotion behaviors, to evaluate the extent of their experience of psychological distress, and to investigate the relationship between the practice of health-promotion behaviors and psychological distress.
Cross-sectional secondary data analysis.
A national, face-to-face interview conducted by personnel of the U.S. Census Bureau using a random sampling of American adults.
1,784 survey respondents who reported a previous cancer diagnosis.
Data from the 2009 National Health Interview Survey were used to examine the prevalence of smoking, physical inactivity, alcohol use, and reports of psychosocial distress. Interviews pertained to the amount and distribution of illness, its effects in terms of disability and chronic impairments, and the kinds of health services people receive.
Age, current smoking prevalence, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and the experience of feeling hopelessness, sadness, and anxiety.
Cancer survivors continue to smoke at a rate similar to the national average. Overall, most respondents reported no symptoms of psychological distress. However, age appears to play a major role, showing significant differences in the prevalence of current smoking, participation in physical activity, alcohol use, and reported level of distress.
This study provides estimates of the prevalence of health-promotion behaviors and experience of psychological distress among American cancer survivors. The results reveal opportunities for interventions among cancer survivors.
Nurses should be proactive in providing guidance to survivors regarding the adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors. Those who encounter younger cancer survivors need to be alert to the higher potential for distress in that population, perform appropriate screenings, and be prepared to offer guidance, supportive care, and referrals for psychological care if needed.
目的/目标：确定癌症幸存者是否采取促进健康的行为，评估他们心理困扰的体验程度，并调查促进健康行为的实践与心理困扰之间的关系。
横断面二次数据分析。
美国人口普查局工作人员进行的全国性面对面访谈，采用美国成年人随机抽样。
1784名报告曾被诊断患有癌症的调查受访者。
使用2009年全国健康访谈调查的数据来检查吸烟、缺乏身体活动、饮酒以及心理社会困扰报告的患病率。访谈涉及疾病的数量和分布、其在残疾和慢性损伤方面的影响以及人们接受的健康服务种类。
年龄、当前吸烟患病率、饮酒量、身体活动以及感到绝望、悲伤和焦虑的体验。
癌症幸存者的吸烟率继续与全国平均水平相似。总体而言，大多数受访者报告没有心理困扰症状。然而，年龄似乎起着主要作用，在当前吸烟患病率、参与体育活动、饮酒以及报告的困扰程度方面存在显著差异。
本研究提供了美国癌症幸存者促进健康行为的患病率和心理困扰体验的估计值。结果揭示了对癌症幸存者进行干预的机会。
护士应积极主动地为幸存者提供关于采取健康生活方式行为的指导。遇到年轻癌症幸存者的护士需要警惕该人群中更高的困扰可能性，进行适当的筛查，并准备好在需要时提供指导、支持性护理以及心理护理转介服务。
