可预防的伤害死亡：加利福尼亚州儿童虐待风险的基于人群的替代指标。
Preventable injury deaths: a population-based proxy of child maltreatment risk in California.
机构信息
University of Southern California, School of Social Work, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0411, USA.
出版信息
Public Health Rep. 2012 Mar-Apr;127(2):163-72. doi: 10.1177/003335491212700205.
OBJECTIVE
This study used group variations in child injury fatality rates to assess racial bias in the population of children identified as victims of maltreatment.
METHODS
Injury fatality and maltreatment data from California were compiled for the years 1998-2007. Death and maltreatment risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed by race and age. Rates of excess child injury mortality by race were derived from three different baseline rates of death. Substantiations per excess injury death were calculated.
RESULTS
compared with white children, black children faced a risk of substantiated maltreatment that was more than twice as great (black RR: 2.39, 95% CI 2.37, 2.42) and were fatally injured at nearly twice the rate (black RR: 1.89, 95% CI 1.68, 2.12). Per excess death, however, black children had rates of substantiated maltreatment allegations that were equivalent to or lower than the rates for white children.
CONCLUSIONS
These data support claims that, at least in California, black-white racial disparities observed in maltreatment rates reflect real group differences in risk. These data provide no evidence of systematic racial bias in the child protective services' substantiation process.
目的
本研究利用儿童伤害死亡率的群体差异，来评估在被认定为受虐待儿童的人群中，存在种族偏见的可能性。
方法
本研究收集了 1998 年至 2007 年加利福尼亚州的伤害致死和虐待数据。通过种族和年龄计算伤害致死和虐待风险比（RR）及其 95%置信区间（CI）。从三种不同的死亡率基线计算出各种族儿童因伤害而超额死亡的发生率。根据每例超额伤害死亡人数计算出虐待确证人数。
结果
与白人儿童相比，黑人儿童遭受虐待的风险高出两倍多（黑人 RR：2.39，95% CI 2.37，2.42），死亡率几乎是白人儿童的两倍（黑人 RR：1.89，95% CI 1.68，2.12）。然而，每例超额死亡人数中，黑人儿童的虐待确证指控率与白人儿童相当，甚至更低。
结论
这些数据支持了这样一种说法，即在加利福尼亚州，至少在该州，虐待率中观察到的黑人和白人之间的种族差异反映了风险方面的真实群体差异。这些数据并未提供任何证据表明儿童保护服务机构的虐待确证过程存在系统性种族偏见。
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