Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012 Mar 1;4(3):a007229. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a007229.
A major challenge for the immune system is to control pathogens and stressed cells, such as infected or tumors cells, while sparing healthy self-cells. To achieve this tolerance to self, immune cells must recognize and differentiate "self" versus "nonself" and "self" versus "altered self." In the absence of self-tolerance, cells of the adaptive immune system attack healthy cells and cause autoimmune diseases such as lupus, psoriasis, and type I diabetes. Mechanisms at work to ensure tolerance in the innate immune system are still poorly understood. Natural killer cells are innate immune lymphocytes, which have the capacity to kill cellular targets and produce cytokines without prior specific sensitization. Because of these intrinsic effector capacities, tolerance mechanisms must exist to prevent autoreactivity. Herein, we will review the present knowledge on NK cell tolerance.
免疫系统面临的一个主要挑战是控制病原体和应激细胞，如感染或肿瘤细胞，同时又不损伤健康的自身细胞。为了实现对自身的这种耐受，免疫细胞必须识别和区分“自身”与“非自身”以及“自身”与“自身改变”。在缺乏自身耐受的情况下，适应性免疫系统的细胞会攻击健康细胞，导致自身免疫性疾病，如狼疮、银屑病和 1 型糖尿病。目前对于确保先天免疫系统耐受的机制仍知之甚少。自然杀伤细胞是先天免疫淋巴细胞，它们具有在没有预先特异性致敏的情况下杀死细胞靶标和产生细胞因子的能力。由于这些内在的效应能力，必须存在耐受机制来防止自身反应性。在此，我们将回顾 NK 细胞耐受的现有知识。
