Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2013 Jan-Feb;39(1-2):72-8. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.02.009. Epub 2012 Feb 28.
Both innate and adaptive immune-relevant factors are transferred from mother to offspring in fishes. These maternally-transferred factors include IgM, lysozymes, lectin, cathelicidin and complement components. Recently, yolk proteins, phosvitin and lipovitellin, have been shown to be maternally-transferred factors, functioning in the defense of teleost larvae against pathogens. Among these factors, the mode of action of complement components and yolk proteins has been explored, whereas that of all the other factors remains elusive. At present, the transfer mechanisms of maternally-derived immune factors are largely unknown although those of IgM and yolk protein transmission from mother to offspring have been reported in some fishes. Maternal transfer of immunity is affected by many elements, including biological factors, such as age and maturation, and environmental conditions experienced by brood fish, such as pathogens and nutritional supply. Practically, the manipulation of maternal immunity transfer can be used to enhance the survival rate of fish larvae.
先天免疫和适应性免疫相关因子都可在鱼类中从母体传递给后代。这些母体传递的因子包括 IgM、溶菌酶、凝集素、抗菌肽和补体成分。最近，卵黄蛋白、磷酸化卵黄蛋白和卵黄脂磷蛋白已被证明是母体传递因子，可在防御硬骨鱼类幼虫免受病原体侵害方面发挥作用。在这些因子中，补体成分和卵黄蛋白的作用模式已经得到了探索，而其他所有因子的作用模式仍然难以捉摸。目前，尽管已经在一些鱼类中报道了 IgM 和卵黄蛋白从母体向后代的传递，但母体来源的免疫因子的传递机制在很大程度上仍不清楚。母体免疫的传递受到许多因素的影响，包括生物学因素，如年龄和成熟度，以及亲鱼所经历的环境条件，如病原体和营养供应。实际上，可以通过操纵母体免疫传递来提高鱼类幼虫的存活率。
