油砂沥青提取和油砂浸出产生的废水对拟南芥的生态毒理学影响。
Ecotoxicological impacts of effluents generated by oil sands bitumen extraction and oil sands lixiviation on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata.
机构信息
Environment Canada, Fluvial Ecosystem Research, 105 McGill Street, Montréal, Québec H2Y 2E7, Canada.
出版信息
Aquat Toxicol. 2012 May 15;112-113:83-91. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.01.021. Epub 2012 Feb 4.
The exploitation of Athabasca oil sands deposits in northern Alberta has known an intense development in recent years. This development has raised concern about the ecotoxicological risk of such industrial activities adjacent to the Athabasca River. Indeed, bitumen extraction generated large amounts of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) which are discharged in tailing ponds in the Athabasca River watershed. This study sought to evaluate and compare the toxicity of OSPW and oil sands lixiviate water (OSLW) with a baseline (oil sands exposed to water; OSW) on a microalgae, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, at different concentrations (1.9, 5.5, 12.25, 25 and 37.5%, v/v). Chemical analyses of water-soluble contaminants showed that OSPW and OSLW were enriched in different elements such as vanadium (enrichment factor, EF=66 and 12, respectively), aluminum (EF=64 and 15, respectively), iron (EF=52.5 and 17.1, respectively) and chromium (39 and 10, respectively). The toxicity of OSPW on cells with optimal intracellular esterase activity and chlorophyll autofluorescence (viable cells) (72h-IC 50%<1.9%) was 20 times higher than the one of OSW (72h-IC 50%>37.5%, v/v). OSLW was 4.4 times less toxic (IC 50%=8.5%, v/v) than OSPW and 4.5 times more toxic than OSW. The inhibition of viable cell growth was significantly and highly correlated (<-0.7) with the increase of arsenic, beryllium, chromium, copper, lead, molybdenum and vanadium concentrations. The specific photosynthetic responses studied with JIP-test (rapid and polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence emission) showed a stimulation of the different functional parameters (efficiency of PSII to absorb energy from photons, size of effective PSII antenna and vitality of photosynthetic apparatus for energy conversion) in cultures exposed to OSPW and OSLW. To our knowledge, our study highlights the first evidence of physiological effects of OSPW and OSLW on microalgae.
阿尔伯塔省北部阿萨巴斯卡油砂矿床的开采近年来得到了迅猛发展。这种发展引起了人们对阿萨巴斯卡河附近此类工业活动的生态毒理学风险的关注。事实上，沥青提取产生了大量的油砂加工影响水（OSPW），这些水被排放到阿萨巴斯卡河流域的尾矿池中。本研究旨在评估和比较 OSPW 和油砂浸出液（OSLW）与基线（暴露于水的油砂；OSW）对不同浓度（1.9%、5.5%、12.25%、25%和 37.5%，v/v）下微藻 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 的毒性。对水溶性污染物的化学分析表明，OSPW 和 OSLW 分别富含不同的元素，如钒（富集因子分别为 66 和 12）、铝（富集因子分别为 64 和 15）、铁（富集因子分别为 52.5 和 17.1）和铬（39 和 10）。具有最佳细胞内酯酶活性和叶绿素自发荧光（存活细胞）的 OSPW 对细胞的毒性（72h-IC 50%<1.9%）比 OSW 高 20 倍（72h-IC 50%>37.5%，v/v）。OSLW 的毒性比 OSPW 低 4.4 倍（IC 50%=8.5%，v/v），比 OSW 高 4.5 倍。存活细胞生长的抑制与砷、铍、铬、铜、铅、钼和钒浓度的增加呈显著和高度相关（<-0.7）。用 JIP-test（快速和多相叶绿素 a 荧光发射）研究的特定光合作用反应表明，在暴露于 OSPW 和 OSLW 的培养物中，不同功能参数（PSII 从光子吸收能量的效率、有效 PSII 天线的大小和光合作用装置用于能量转换的活力）受到刺激。据我们所知，我们的研究首次证明了 OSPW 和 OSLW 对微藻的生理影响。
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