Nero V, Farwell A, Lister A, Van der Kraak G, Lee L E J, Van Meer T, MacKinnon M D, Dixon D G
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2006 Mar;63(3):365-77. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.04.014. Epub 2005 Jun 17.
The extraction of bitumen from the Athabasca oil sands (Alberta, Canada) produces significant volumes of process-affected water containing elevated levels of naphthenic acids (NAs), ions, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The sublethal response of aquatic organisms exposed to oil sands constituents in experimental aquatic environments that represent possible reclamation options has been studied. In this study, the effects of process-affected waters on gill and liver tissues in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and caged goldfish (Carassius auratus) held in several reclamation ponds at Syncrude's Mildred Lake site have been assessed. Following a 3-week exposure, significant gill (epithelial cell necrosis, mucous cell proliferation) and liver (hepatocellular degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration) histopathological changes were noted in fish held in waters containing high levels of oil sands process-affected water. In addition, measurements of gill dimensions (gill morphometrical indices) proved sensitive and provided evidence of a physiological disturbance (gas exchange) with exposure to oil sands materials. Due to the complexity of oil sands process-affected water, the cause of the alterations could not be attributed to specific oil sands constituents. However, the histopathological parameters were strong indicators of exposure to oil sands process-affected water and morphometrical data were sensitive indicators of pathological response, which can be used to identify the interactive effects of ionic content, NAs, and PAHs in future laboratory studies.
从加拿大艾伯塔省阿萨巴斯卡油砂中提取沥青会产生大量受工艺影响的水，其中环烷酸（NAs）、离子和多环芳烃（PAHs）含量升高。人们已经研究了在代表可能复垦方案的实验性水生环境中，水生生物接触油砂成分后的亚致死反应。在本研究中，评估了受工艺影响的水对辛克鲁德公司米尔德里德湖场地几个复垦池塘中养殖的黄鲈（Perca flavescens）和网箱金鱼（Carassius auratus）鳃和肝脏组织的影响。经过3周的暴露后，在含有高浓度油砂工艺影响水的水体中养殖的鱼类出现了显著的鳃（上皮细胞坏死、黏液细胞增殖）和肝脏（肝细胞变性、炎性细胞浸润）组织病理学变化。此外，鳃尺寸测量（鳃形态测量指标）被证明是敏感的，并提供了暴露于油砂物质时生理紊乱（气体交换）的证据。由于油砂工艺影响水的复杂性，这些变化的原因不能归因于特定的油砂成分。然而，组织病理学参数是暴露于油砂工艺影响水的有力指标，形态测量数据是病理反应的敏感指标，可用于在未来的实验室研究中确定离子含量、环烷酸和多环芳烃的交互作用。
