Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany.
Cell Tissue Res. 2012 Jul;349(1):349-62. doi: 10.1007/s00441-012-1363-2. Epub 2012 Mar 3.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes the irreversible loss of spinal cord parenchyma including astroglia, oligodendroglia and neurons. In particular, severe injuries can lead to an almost complete neural cell loss at the lesion site and structural and functional recovery might only be accomplished by appropriate cell and tissue replacement. Stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into all relevant neural cell types necessary to replace degenerated spinal cord tissue and can now be obtained from virtually any stage of development. Within the last two decades, many in vivo studies in small animal models of SCI have demonstrated that stem cell transplantation can promote morphological and, in some cases, functional recovery via various mechanisms including remyelination, axon growth and regeneration, or neuronal replacement. However, only two well-documented neural-stem-cell-based transplantation strategies have moved to phase I clinical trials to date. This review aims to provide an overview about the current status of preclinical and clinical neural stem cell transplantation and discusses future perspectives in the field.
脊髓损伤（SCI）会导致脊髓实质（包括星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞和神经元）的不可逆转的损失。特别是严重的损伤会导致损伤部位几乎完全丧失神经细胞，结构和功能的恢复可能只能通过适当的细胞和组织替代来实现。干细胞具有分化为所有相关的神经细胞类型的能力，这些细胞类型对于替代退化的脊髓组织是必要的，并且现在几乎可以从任何发育阶段获得。在过去的二十年中，许多 SCI 小动物模型的体内研究表明，干细胞移植可以通过多种机制（包括髓鞘再生、轴突生长和再生，或神经元替代）促进形态学，并且在某些情况下促进功能恢复。然而，迄今为止，只有两种有充分文献记录的基于神经干细胞的移植策略已经进入 I 期临床试验。这篇综述旨在提供一个关于临床前和临床神经干细胞移植的现状概述，并讨论该领域的未来展望。
