Linguistics, 205 Elliott Hall, 75 E. River Parkway, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Top Cogn Sci. 2012 Apr;4(2):249-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1756-8765.2012.01184.x. Epub 2012 Mar 2.
Within the Givenness Hierarchy framework of Gundel, Hedberg, and Zacharski (1993), lexical items included in referring forms are assumed to conventionally encode two kinds of information: conceptual information about the speaker's intended referent and procedural information about the assumed cognitive status of that referent in the mind of the addressee, the latter encoded by various determiners and pronouns. This article focuses on effects of underspecification of cognitive status, establishing that, although salience and accessibility play an important role in reference processing, the Givenness Hierarchy itself is not a hierarchy of degrees of salience/accessibility, contrary to what has often been assumed. We thus show that the framework is able to account for a number of experimental results in the literature without making additional assumptions about form-specific constraints associated with different referring forms.
在 Gundel、Hedberg 和 Zacharski（1993）的固有论层级框架中，被包含在指称形式中的词汇项被假定为常规地编码两种信息：关于说话者意图指涉物的概念信息，以及关于受话者心目中该指涉物的假定认知状态的过程信息，后者由各种限定词和代词来编码。本文聚焦于认知状态的不充分指定的影响，确立了尽管显著性和可及性在指称处理中起着重要作用，但固有论层级本身并不是一个显著性/可及性程度的层级，这与人们经常假设的情况相反。因此，我们表明，该框架能够在不做出关于与不同指称形式相关的特定形式约束的额外假设的情况下，对文献中的许多实验结果进行解释。
