Slavec Zvonka Zupanic, Jaunig Senta
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for the History of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Coll Antropol. 2011 Dec;35(4):1265-72.
The 100th anniversary of the hospital in Valdoltra, Slovenia, on the northeastern Adriatic coast near the Italian frontier--where borders have frequently changed (the town has belonged to Austria-Hungary, Italy, Yugoslavia, and Slovenia) and which experienced military occupation in the interwar period--offers an opportunity to review the professional path of this institution. The hospital was established in 1909 as an act of charity by the Trieste Friends of Children Society due to the high incidence of scrofula as well as bone and extrapulmonary tuberculosis among Trieste children. With 270 beds, it provided medical assistance to sick children and also later to adults. After the First World War, its management was assumed by the Italian Red Cross, which built an additional wing in 1934 and increased the hospital's capacity to 340 beds. After Italy's capitulation, German soldiers occupied the hospital and left it in shambles at the end of the war. In September 1945, the hospital was renovated and taken over by the Slovenian healthcare system; 400 beds were again available for treating bone tuberculosis patients. This did not last for long. By 1947, after the Treaty of Peace with Italy was signed and Valdoltra became the central Yugoslav institution for treating bone tuberculosis, the hospital had to be relocated to Rovinj, Croatia due to the political division of the Trieste region into Zones A and B. Only in 1952 did the hospital return to Valdoltra and continue its mission. In the twentieth century, tuberculosis was treated similarly everywhere until antitubercular agents were discovered. At first, conservative climatic and hygiene-dietary methods, orthopedic aids, plaster corsets, and physiotherapy were used to treat bone tuberculosis. This was followed by surgical treatment, which came into vogue after 1945, when it was supported by antibiotic treatment, and (postoperative) physiotherapy and rehabilitation. Chemotherapeutic agents and preventive outpatient BCG-vaccination proved successful in curing bone tuberculosis and other forms of tuberculosis, and the number of consumptive patients continued to decrease. The Valdoltra hospital has preserved its tradition of treating osteoarticular pathologies and has been the main Slovenian orthopedic hospital since 1961.
位于斯洛文尼亚亚得里亚海东北海岸、靠近意大利边境的瓦尔托拉医院迎来了建院100周年。该地区边界频繁变动（这座城镇曾先后隶属于奥匈帝国、意大利、南斯拉夫和斯洛文尼亚），且在两次世界大战之间经历过军事占领，这为回顾该机构的发展历程提供了契机。1909年，的里雅斯特儿童之友协会出于慈善目的创办了这家医院，因为当时的里雅斯特儿童中淋巴结核以及骨结核和肺外结核的发病率很高。医院设有270张床位，为患病儿童提供医疗救助，后来也开始收治成人患者。第一次世界大战后，医院由意大利红十字会管理，该组织于1934年增建了一翼，将医院床位增加到340张。意大利投降后，德国士兵占领了医院，战争结束时医院已破败不堪。1945年9月，医院进行了翻新，并由斯洛文尼亚医疗系统接管；400张床位再次用于收治骨结核患者。但这并没有持续太久。1947年，在与意大利签署和平条约且瓦尔托拉成为南斯拉夫治疗骨结核的中心机构后，由于的里雅斯特地区被划分为A区和B区，医院不得不迁至克罗地亚的罗维尼。直到1952年，医院才回到瓦尔托拉并继续履行使命。在20世纪，在抗结核药物被发现之前，各地治疗结核病的方式都很相似。起初，采用保守的气候和卫生饮食疗法、矫形辅助器具、石膏胸衣和物理疗法来治疗骨结核。随后是外科治疗，1945年后外科治疗开始流行，当时有抗生素治疗以及（术后）物理疗法和康复治疗的支持。化疗药物和预防性门诊卡介苗接种在治愈骨结核和其他形式的结核病方面取得了成功，结核病患者的数量持续减少。瓦尔托拉医院保留了治疗骨关节疾病的传统，自1961年以来一直是斯洛文尼亚的主要骨科医院。
