Clinical Sleep Research Unit, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
Sleep Med Rev. 2012 Dec;16(6):547-59. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2012.01.005. Epub 2012 Mar 7.
While the importance of assessing the occupational consequences of insomnia is emphasized in clinical nosologies and research guidelines, there is little consensus on which aspects of occupational performance should be assessed, the most methodologically justifiable measures of insomnia and work performance, and how outcomes should be reported. The present review was designed to summarize and methodologically critique the assessment of those aspects of occupational performance most impacted by (or most frequently associated with) insomnia symptoms. The 30 studies which met the review inclusion criteria broadly addressed six domains of occupational functioning: absenteeism; workplace accidents; productivity; punctuality; job satisfaction and career progression. Collectively, study outcomes support the conclusions that insomnia symptoms: are consistently associated with excess absenteeism; elevate accident risk in the workplace; reduce subjectively experienced workplace productivity (at least in the shorter term); inhibit career progression; and can degrade job satisfaction. Study outcomes do not support the conclusion that people with insomnia are significantly less punctual than other workers. The overall value of the occupational sleep-health literature, however, is limited by a lack of comparability among studies. In particular, there is a clear need to standardize definitions of sleep and occupational outcomes, and to recognize the confounding influence of health variables on occupational performance and sleep.
尽管临床分类学和研究指南强调了评估失眠对职业的影响的重要性,但对于应该评估职业表现的哪些方面、最具方法学合理性的失眠和工作表现测量方法以及应如何报告结果,尚未达成共识。本综述旨在总结和从方法学上评价受(或最常与)失眠症状影响最大的职业表现方面。符合综述纳入标准的 30 项研究广泛涉及职业功能的六个领域:缺勤;工作场所事故;生产力;守时性;工作满意度和职业发展。总体而言,研究结果支持以下结论:失眠症状:与过度缺勤始终相关;增加工作场所事故风险;降低主观上的工作场所生产力(至少在短期内);阻碍职业发展;并降低工作满意度。研究结果并不支持失眠症患者比其他工人明显不准时的结论。然而,职业睡眠健康文献的整体价值受到研究之间缺乏可比性的限制。特别是,需要明确需要标准化睡眠和职业结果的定义,并认识到健康变量对职业表现和睡眠的混杂影响。