Tukur Aminu, Sharp Liz, Stern Ben, Tizaoui Chedly, Benkreira Hadj
School of Engineering, Design and Technology, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
J Environ Monit. 2012 Apr;14(4):1237-47. doi: 10.1039/c2em10917d. Epub 2012 Mar 9.
While antimony has been reported to migrate from PET bottles into contents, reports on bottled water and soft drinks usage and PET bottle reuse patterns are currently unavailable in the literature. Bottle use conditions and patterns are important determinants of antimony migration. In this work a survey assessing the pattern of bottle use and reuse in Britain and Nigeria was undertaken. The survey findings influenced the design of laboratory experiments that assessed the migration of antimony from PET bottles into water and soft drinks. Typical storage durations for bottled contents between purchase and opening for use were 7 days or less. However storage of up to one year was reported. Bottle reuse was high and similar for the two countries with reuse durations being higher in Nigeria. The antimony concentration in 32 PET bottle materials from Britain and Nigeria were similar and ranged between 177 and 310 mg kg(-1). For 47 freshly purchased British bottled contents antimony concentration ranged between 0.03 and 6.61 μg L(-1) with only one sample exceeding the EU acceptable limit. Concentrations of Cd, Ge, Zn, Al, Be, Ti, Co and Pb were also measured. At realistic temperatures of 40 and 60 °C antimony concentration in deionised water in bottles remained below the EU acceptable limit even after 48 h exposure. The limit was exceeded for most exposures at 80 °C. Concentration of antimony in some bottled contents exceeded the EU limit after 11 months of storage at room temperature. Bottle aging and increase in bottle volume were associated with decreased migration of antimony from bottles.
虽然有报道称锑会从PET瓶迁移到瓶内装物中,但目前文献中尚无关于瓶装水和软饮料使用情况以及PET瓶重复使用模式的报告。瓶子的使用条件和模式是锑迁移的重要决定因素。在这项工作中,我们对英国和尼日利亚的瓶子使用和重复使用模式进行了一项调查。调查结果影响了实验室实验的设计,该实验评估了锑从PET瓶向水和软饮料中的迁移情况。瓶装产品从购买到开封使用的典型储存时间为7天或更短。然而,也有报道称储存时间长达一年。两国的瓶子重复使用率都很高且相似,尼日利亚的重复使用时间更长。来自英国和尼日利亚的32种PET瓶材料中的锑浓度相似,范围在177至310毫克/千克(-1)之间。对于47份新购买的英国瓶装产品,锑浓度范围在0.03至6.61微克/升之间,只有一个样本超过了欧盟可接受的限值。还测量了镉、锗、锌、铝、铍、钛、钴和铅的浓度。在40和60℃的实际温度下,即使经过48小时的暴露,瓶中去离子水中的锑浓度仍低于欧盟可接受的限值。在80℃下的大多数暴露情况下,该限值都被超过。在室温下储存11个月后,一些瓶装产品中的锑浓度超过了欧盟限值。瓶子老化和瓶体体积增加与锑从瓶中的迁移减少有关。